sycophant的词源
英文词源
- sycophant
- sycophant: [16] Sycophants are etymologically ‘fig-showers’. The word comes via Latin sychophanta from Greek súkophántēs, a compound formed from súkon ‘fig’ and -phántēs ‘shower’, a derivative of phaínein ‘show’ (source of English fancy, phantom, etc). Súkon (which probably came from a Semitic source that also produced Latin ficus ‘fig’, source of English fig) was used metaphorically for ‘cunt’, and hence for an ‘indecent gesture made by putting the thumb into the mouth or between two fingers’.
People who grassed on criminals were said to ‘show them the fig’ – ‘show them two fingers’, as it might be expressed in modern English. And so the term súkophántēs came to be used for an ‘informer’, and eventually, via ‘one who ingratiates himself by informing’, for a ‘flatterer’ or ‘toady’.
=> fancy, phantom, sycamore - sycophant (n.)
- 1530s (in Latin form sycophanta), "informer, talebearer, slanderer," from Middle French sycophante and directly from Latin sycophanta, from Greek sykophantes "false accuser, slanderer," literally "one who shows the fig," from sykon "fig" (see fig) + phainein "to show" (see phantasm). "Showing the fig" was a vulgar gesture made by sticking the thumb between two fingers, a display which vaguely resembles a fig, itself symbolic of a vagina (sykon also meant "vulva"). The modern accepted explanation is that prominent politicians in ancient Greece held aloof from such inflammatory gestures, but privately urged their followers to taunt their opponents. The sense of "mean, servile flatterer" is first recorded in English 1570s.
The explanation, long current, that it orig. meant an informer against the unlawful exportation of figs cannot be substantiated. [OED]
中文词源
sycophant（谄媚者）：替领导用下流手势侮辱对手的人
英语单词sycophant（谄媚者）来自希腊语sykophantes，由sykon（fig，无花果）+phainein（to show，显示）组成而成，字面意思就是fig-shower（显示无花果的人）。在这里，fig（无花果）隐喻女性外阴，指的是用手比划成女性外阴的形状来侮辱对方。在古希腊，政治家们表面上很正派，背地里却唆使自己手下用这种下流手势来侮辱自己的对手。而那些听从大人物的吩咐，用下流手势侮辱对手的手下则被称为sycophant（fig-shower）。现在，英语sycophant用来比喻那种卑鄙无耻、奴颜婢膝的谄媚者、马屁精。
sycophant：['sɪkəfænt] n.谄媚者，奉承者，马屁精adj.谄媚的，奉承的
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：sycophant 词源，sycophant 含义。
无花果(fig)是世界最古老的栽培果树之一，原始人即已栽培，原产亚洲西部，以后其栽培扩大到爱琴海地区和地中海东部诸国及岛屿。无花果曾是古希腊各城邦的主要食物之一，特别用于斯巴达人的宴席上。古雅典的无花果在整个东方备受赞誉，并有专门立法管理其出口，甚至一度禁止其出口。据古希腊传记作家、散文家普卢塔克（Plutarch,46? - 120?）所述，一些人为了牟取暴利非法私运无花果出口，但却常常被知情人告发，这类告密者（informer）希腊语作sykophantes。英语sycophant 即源于此。该词于16世纪出现于英语之中，以后又从“告密者”一义引申出“诽谤者”、“谗言者”、“谄媚者”等义。以上说法虽然难以证实，但却被普遍接受。
按字面义讲，意为“告密者”的希腊语 sykophantes 原义应为 fig-shower ,此处 fig 不指无花果，而指一种侮辱性的手势，即把大拇指夹在两指之间或放在上牙之下。那么，作此手势的人与告密者究竟有何联系呢？据传，古希腊时告密者在执法官面前检举揭发走私犯时，常朝他们作这一手势，来讨好执法官，故而得名。这种猥亵手势（fig）至今仍然在地中海地区广为使用。
来自拉丁语 sycopanta,来自希腊语 sykophantes,告密者，诽谤者，字面意思为展示无花果的人， 来自 sykon,无花果，-phant,显现，展示，词源同 epiphany,phantasm.其词源说法不一，其中两
