stigma的词源
英文词源
- stigma
- stigma: [16] Greek stígma denoted a ‘mark made on the skin with a sharp implement’, hence a ‘tattoo’ or ‘brand’. It was derived from the Indo- European base *stig- ‘be sharp, pierce’, which also produced English stick, stitch, etc. By the time it arrived in English, via Latin stigma, it has acquired the connotation of a ‘brand of shame’, and it was also used specifically for the marks made on Christ’s hands and feet by the nails of the cross.
=> stick, stitch - stigma (n.)
- 1590s (earlier stigme, c. 1400), "mark made on skin by burning with a hot iron," from Latin stigma (plural stigmata), from Greek stigma (genitive stigmatos) "mark of a pointed instrument, puncture, tattoo-mark, brand," from root of stizein "to mark, tattoo," from PIE root *steig- "to stick; pointed" (see stick (v.)).
Figurative meaning "a mark of disgrace" in English is from 1610s. Stigmas "marks resembling the wounds on the body of Christ, appearing supernaturally on the bodies of the devout" is from 1630s; earlier stigmate (late 14c.), from Latin stigmata.
中文词源
stigma（耻辱）：在罪犯皮肤上烙下印记的刑罚
中国古代刑罚中最常见的一种叫做“黥刑”或“墨刑”，就是在罪犯脸上或身体的其他部位刺字，然后涂上墨或别的颜料，使所刺的字成为永久性的记号。无独有偶，在西方也有类似的刑罚。所不同的是，在西方是用烧红的烙铁在罪犯脸上或身体其他部位烙下印记。这种刑罚所留下的烙印就是stigma。该单词与stick（戳、粘贴）同源，因为行刑时需要用烧红的烙铁来stick罪犯的皮肤。该词后来常用于比喻“耻辱、污名”。
stigma： ['stɪgmə] n.耻辱，污名，烙印，特征
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：stigma 词源，stigma 含义。
该词是16世纪时直接借自拉丁语stigma，更确切地说，是源于希腊语stigma。在古希腊和古罗马时代，奴隶和罪犯的身上都被打上永抹不掉的stigma。当时的stigma是“烙印”、“印记”的意思。到了17世纪英国还沿用这一做法。根据伦敦旧城新兴门监狱(Newgate)的纪事录，有一个绞刑吏只会用烙铁在罪犯手心打上代表thief（偷窃犯）的字母T，因为这是他认识的唯一字母。身上打有烙印对一个人来说总是个污点，总是个耻辱的标记。那种做法虽然以后被废止了，但stigma仍留在语言中，转而喻指“耻辱”、“污点”。其复数保留了原拉丁语形式stigmata．但也作stigmas。由stigma派生的动词stigmatize从表示“打上烙印”转而表示“诬蔑”、“污辱”等义。
来自拉丁语 stigma,烙印，伤痕，来自希腊语 stigma,烙印，刺痕标记，来自 stizein,作标记， 刺青，来自 PIE*steig,刺，词源同 stick,sting.引申词义耻辱标记，耻辱，羞耻等。
