sphinx的词源
英文词源
- sphinx
- sphinx: [16] The original Sphinx was a monster, half woman and half lion, which terrorized the country around Thebes in ancient Greece. According to legend, it would waylay travellers and ask them a riddle; and if they could not solve it, it killed them. One of its favoured methods was strangulation, and its name supposedly means ‘the strangler’ – as if it were derived from Greek sphíggein ‘bind tight’ (source of English sphincter [16]).
However, this account of its name sounds as mythological as the account of its existence, and a more likely explanation is perhaps that the word was derived from the name of Mount Phikion, not far from ancient Thebes. One of the first yachts to carry a spinnaker sail, in the mid-1860s, was the Sphinx, and it has been conjectured that its name (or rather a mispronunciation /spingks/) formed the basis of the term spinnaker [19], perhaps as a partial blend with spanker, the name of another type of sail.
=> spinnaker - sphinx (n.)
- monster of Greek mythology having a lion's (winged) body and a woman's head; she waylaid travelers around Thebes and devoured those who could not answer her questions; Oedipus solved the riddle and the Sphinx killed herself. In English from early 15c., from Latin Sphinx, from Greek Sphinx, said to mean literally" the strangler," a back-formation from sphingein "to squeeze, bind" (see sphincter).
There also was an Egyptian form (usually male and wingless); in reference to this it is attested in English from 1570s; specific reference to the colossal stone one near the pyramids as Giza is attested from 1610s. Transferred sense of "person or thing of mysterious nature" is from c. 1600. The proper plural would be sphinges. As adjectives in English, sphingal, sphingian, sphingine, sphinxian, sphinxine, and sphinx-like all have been tried.
中文词源
sphinx（难以理解的人）：用谜语刁难人的怪物斯芬克斯
斯芬克斯（Sphinx）最早源于古埃及神话，是长翅膀的怪物，通常是雄性，是仁慈 和高贵的象征，包括三种：人面狮身的Androsphinx、羊头狮身的Criosphinx和鹰头狮身的Hierocosphinx。但在希腊神话中， 斯芬克斯变成了雌性，代表着“神的惩罚”。
据说，天后赫拉派斯芬克斯坐在底比斯城附近的悬崖上，用缪斯所传授的谜语考验路人：什么东西早晨四条腿，中午两 条腿，晚上四条腿？猜不出谜语的人就会被它吃掉。俄狄浦斯猜出了斯芬克斯的谜语，谜底是“人”，因为人在婴儿阶段四脚着地爬着走，长大后用两只脚走路，年 老体弱后拄着拐杖走。看到自己的谜语被猜中，斯芬克斯于是在羞愧中跳崖而死。
在英语中，斯芬克斯的名字sphinx比喻“难以理解的人”，习语riddle of sphinx比喻难题。
sphinx：[sfɪŋks]n.难以理解的人，斯芬克斯，（古埃及的）狮身人面像
riddle of sphinx：n.难题，难解之谜
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：sphinx 词源，sphinx 含义。
sphinx是希腊神话中的一个女怪，她有美女的头和胸，狮子的身躯，鹏鸟的羽翅，毒蛇的尾巴，她蹲在忒拜（Thebes）的一座悬崖上，用智慧女神缪斯教她的怪谜询问过往的行人：早晨用四只脚走路，中午用两只脚走路，晚上用三只脚走路，答不上来的人便被她吃掉。后来，著名的俄狄浦斯（Oedipus）猜出了这个谜：人。斯芬克斯恼羞成怒，从悬崖上跳下摔死了。
埃及吉萨（Ghizeh）的金字塔附近有一尊sphinx的巨大石像，据今已有近六千年的历史（有说四千五百年或四千八百年的历史）。
从上面的神话故事里，人们不难理解sphinx还可作“谜一样的人物”解。
来自拉丁语 Sphinx,来自希腊语 Sphinks,古希腊神话传说中的狮身人面长翼女妖，每当过路 人经过即让其猜谜，猜不中者将就其吃掉，这个著名的谜语就是“什么动物早晨用四条腿走 路，中午用两条腿走路，晚上用三条腿走路”，后古希腊英雄 Oedipus 猜中了谜底，斯芬克 斯羞愧万分，跳崖而死。对应于或原型来自埃及神话中的男狮身人面像，法老的守护神。其 词源可能来自希腊语 sphingein,绑，挤，勒，因狮子用牙齿咬住猎物后勒紧使猎物窒息而死， 或俗化自埃及语 Szp-'nx(sheap-ankh),神圣的雕像。
