snob的词源

英文词源

snob: snob: [18] Snob originally meant a ‘shoemaker’. Cambridge University students of the late 18th century took it over as a slang term for a ‘townsman, someone not a member of the university’, and it seems to have been this usage which formed the basis in the 1830s for the emergence of the new general sense ‘member of the lower orders’ (‘The nobs have lost their dirty seats – the honest snobs have got ’em’, proclaimed the Lincoln Herald on 22 July 1831, anticipating the new Reform Act).

This in turn developed into ‘ostentatiously vulgar person’, but it was the novelist William Thackeray who really sowed the seeds of the word’s modern meaning in his Book of Snobs 1848, where he used it for ‘someone vulgarly aping his social superiors’. It has since broadened out to include those who insist on their gentility as well as those who aspire to it. As for the origins of the word snob itself, they remain a mystery.

An ingenious suggestion once put forward is that it came from s. nob., supposedly an abbreviation for Latin sine nobilitate ‘without nobility’, but this ignores the word’s early history.
snob (n.): 1781, "a shoemaker, a shoemaker's apprentice," of unknown origin. It came to be used in Cambridge University slang c. 1796, often contemptuously, for "townsman, local merchant," and passed then into literary use, where by 1831 it was being used for "person of the ordinary or lower classes." Meaning "person who vulgarly apes his social superiors" is by 1843, popularized 1848 by William Thackeray's "Book of Snobs." The meaning later broadened to include those who insist on their gentility, in addition to those who merely aspire to it, and by 1911 the word had its main modern sense of "one who despises those considered inferior in rank, attainment, or taste."

中文词源

snob（势利眼）：对大学中的平民学生的蔑称

英语单词snob源自18世纪90年代时英国剑桥、牛津等大学的俚语，用来表示“平民、俗人”。据说当时在英国剑桥和牛津大学，在学生名册上，在贵族学生的姓名后面标注上拉丁语nobilitate（nobility，贵族），在平民学生的姓名后面标注上sine nobilitate（non nobility，非贵族）。因此，贵族学生就用snob来称呼平民学生。当时能上牛津、剑桥等大学的平民子弟通常出身于富裕家庭，其中有不少人羡慕贵族和上流社会，鄙视其他平民，趋势附炎，冒充贵族四处显摆，令真正的贵族学生十分瞧不起，因此snob一词就逐渐衍生出“自命不凡者、趋势附炎者、势利眼”等负面含义。

snob：[snɒb] n. 自命不凡者、趋势附炎者、势利眼

snobbery：['snɒb(ə)rɪ] n.势利，谄上欺下，摆架子

snobby：['snɔbi] adj.势利的

snobbish：['snɒbɪʃ] adj.势利的

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：snob 词源，snob 含义。

snob：势利的人，自命不凡者

旧时在牛津、剑桥等英国大学的学生名册中，出身高贵的学生姓名后面标有NOB的宇样，NOB是nobility（高贵的出身，贵族身分）一词的简略形式；而出身平民的普通学生其姓名则被标以s.nob.，这是拉丁语sine nobilitate‘without nobility1’（无高贵出身）的缩略。据认为，英语snob一词可能即由此而来，因此最初含有低贱者或平民之意。长期以来剑桥师生曾一直用该词来指“市民”( townsman)，以别于“穿长袍的大学师生”(gownsman)。snob的今义据说是英国小说家萨克雷(William Makepeace Thackeray，1811 - 1863)最先使用的。 1847年他出版了著名散文集《势利人脸谱》（Boak of Snobs），这是由45个特写组成的英国社会各阶层势利人的肖像。他把英王乔治四世（George IV，1762 - 1830）也称作snob，因为他以“欧洲第一绅士”自诩，但身上却丝毫没有绅士的特征。经萨克雷这么一用，snob成了一个常用词，现通常多指“势利的人”或“自命不凡的人”。

snob：势利眼，势利小人

词源不详，原义为修鞋匠，补鞋匠，后约于 1796 年剑桥大学学生借用该词来指小市民，小商人，小商贩，并最终用于文学词义指势利眼，势利小人。也有俗词源解读为在 19 世纪初，牛津和剑桥大学在普通学生的名字前面标注拉丁语 sine nobilitate,字面意思即非贵族，来自 sine,无，没有，nobilitate,贵族，词源同 noble.更为接受的说法是，标注为该拉丁语对应的法语 sans noblesse,非贵族。