sarcasm的词源

英文词源

sarcasm

sarcasm: [16] A sarcastic remark is etymologically one which involves the ‘rending of flesh’. Greek sárx meant ‘flesh’ (it has given English sarcoma [17] and sarcophagus), and it formed the basis of a verb sarkázein ‘tear the flesh’, hence ‘bite one’s lip, gnash one’s teeth’, and by further extension ‘make a cutting remark’. This gave rise to the late Greek derivative sarkasmós, which passed into English via late Latin sarcasmos and French sarcasme.
=> sarcoma, sarcophagus

sarcasm (n.)

1570s, sarcasmus, from Late Latin sarcasmus, from late Greek sarkasmos "a sneer, jest, taunt, mockery," from sarkazein "to speak bitterly, sneer," literally "to strip off the flesh," from sarx (genitive sarkos) "flesh," properly "piece of meat," from PIE root *twerk- "to cut" (cognates: Avestan thwares "to cut"). Current form of the English word is from 1610s. For nuances of usage, see humor.

中文词源

sarcasm（挖苦）：如利齿撕肉般的讥讽话

古代希腊人喜欢辩论，在娱乐、政治、司法等领域处处都能见到辩论，甚至还出现了一批专门教授修辞学和辩论术的人，即所谓的“智者”或“诡辩家”。古代雅典就是一座辩论之城，希腊的古典哲学就诞生于各种辩论中。在辩论时，优秀的辩论家往往能抓住对方言语中的漏洞，用尖酸刻薄的话加以讽刺，使对手颜面尽失、狼狈不堪。在围观者看来，这种尖酸刻薄的讽刺，就像是用牙齿将对手的肌肤一条条撕咬下来，因此将其称为sarkazein，意思就是“将肉撕咬下来”，其中的sark就是英语词根sarc，表示“肉”，含有该词根的单词有sarcous（肉的）。

sarcasm：['sɑːkæz(ə)m] n.讽刺，挖苦，嘲笑

sarcastic：[sɑː'kæstɪk] adj.讽刺的，挖苦的，尖酸刻薄的，辛辣的

sarcous：['sɑːkəs] adj.肉的，肌肉的

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：sarcasm 词源，sarcasm 含义。

sarcasm：讽刺，挖苦

来自拉丁语 sarcasmus,来自希腊语 sarkasmos,讽刺，挖苦，嘲笑，来自 sarkazein,挖肉，割肉， 来自 sarx,肉。