salary的词源
英文词源
- salary




- salary: [14] Salary goes back to a Latin word that originally denoted an ‘allowance given to Roman soldiers for buying salt’ (salt being in former times a valued commodity, over which wars were fought, rather than taken for granted as it is today). This was salārium, a derivative of sāl ‘salt’. It soon broadened out to mean ‘fixed periodic payment for work done’, and passed in this sense via Anglo-Norman salarie into English.
=> salt - salary (n.)




- late 13c., "compensation, payment," whether periodical, for regular service or for a specific service; from Anglo-French salarie, Old French salaire "wages, pay, reward," from Latin salarium "salary, stipend, pension," originally "salt-money, soldier's allowance for the purchase of salt," noun use of neuter of adjective salarius "pertaining to salt," from sal (genitive salis) "salt" (see salt (n.)). Japanese sarariman "male salaried worker," literally "salary-man," is from English.
- salary (v.)




- "to pay a regular salary to," late 15c., from salary (n.). Related: Salaried, which as an adjective in reference to positions originally was contrasted with honorary; lately with hourly.
中文词源
salary(工资):古罗马士兵用来买盐的津贴
英语单词salary(工资)来源于拉丁语salarium,本意是“士兵用来买盐的津贴、军饷”,其中的sal指的就是salt(盐)。为什么salary(工资)原本是“买盐的津贴”呢?原来,古代只有少数地方产盐,而制盐技术落后,交通不便,所以盐特别珍贵,被称为“白色金子”。所以罗马军队中专门为士兵买盐提供津贴,并且是罗马士兵军饷的重要组成部分。所以人们就用salary一词来表示一个人的工资收入。当西方人想表示一个人称职时,会使用习语worth one’s salt(配得上给他的盐)。还有一个跟盐有关的习语,sit above the salt(坐在盐罐上首),表示“上座”,这是因为盐罐是餐桌上的重要器皿,只有贵宾才能紧挨着盐罐坐,所以盐罐上方的座位就是上座。
salt:[sɔlt] n.盐
salary: ['sælərɪ] n.工资,薪水
worth one’s salt:称职
sit above the salt:坐在上座
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版:salary 词源,salary 含义。
当我们了解到salary一词竟是来自意为“盐”的拉丁语sal时,都不免会感到有点惊奇。salary与“盐”之间究竟有什么联系呢?盐在古代被视为珍品,把盐泼翻甚至被人看作是凶兆。古罗马军队把盐作为军饷的一部分,按日实行定量配给,用食盐配给的这部分饷金拉丁文叫salarium(由sal派生而成),相当于英语salt-allowance或salt money。以后,尽管这部分军饷为金钱所取代,但salariurn 一词却保留了下来。法语借用了该词,作satarie,14世纪进入英语,以salary的形式出现,而且词义被扩展了,用以泛指“薪金”,“薪水”。
今天我们尚能从be worth one's salt(称职,胜任)和earn one’s salt(自食其力)这两个习语看到salt和的salary的历史痕迹。
来源于拉丁语中sal(盐)派生的salarium,原始意义是指罗马士兵买盐的津贴(盐在古代是非常昂贵的商品),经由盎格鲁-诺曼底语进入英语。
词根词缀: -sal-盐 + -ary名词词尾
这个词和salt(盐)是同源的,词根sal表“盐”,ary为名词后缀。在古罗马时代,盐还是一种相对比较贵重的生活物资,以致政府发给罗马士兵的饷银名义上就是给士兵的“盐钱”,久而久之,salary就变成了工资的代称。同根词salad(色拉),字面义“用盐腌制的”。
来自拉丁语 salarium,薪金,薪水,薪俸,来自 sal,盐,词源同 salt,盐。字面意思即买盐钱, 因盐的重要性而得名,或来自古代社会给士兵发盐的真实历史。