sacrament的词源

英文词源

sacrament (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace," also "the eucharist," c. 1200, from Old French sacrament "consecration; mystery" (12c., Modern French sacrement) and directly from Latin sacramentum "a consecrating" (also source of Spanish sacramento, German Sakrament, etc.), from sacrare "to consecrate" (see sacred); a Church Latin loan-translation of Greek mysterion (see mystery).

Meaning "a holy mystery" in English is from late 14c. The seven sacraments are baptism, penance, confirmation, holy orders, the Eucharist, matrimony, and anointing of the sick (extreme unction).

中文词源

sacrament(圣礼):面对神灵立下的誓言

古代罗马人发誓时,为了表示誓言的庄严性,往往会邀请神灵作为见证,并在神灵面前承 诺将来若是违背誓言,可任由神灵处置。这种面对神灵立下的誓言就是sacramentum,进入英语后演变为sacrament。该词的词根sacra来 自拉丁语sacrare,意思是“奉献给神,使神圣”。

sacrament一词最早应用于军事和法律领域,古罗马军队向国家元首宣誓效忠 时、原被告在法庭上宣誓时,所发的誓言就是sacrament。基督教兴起后,用sacrament一词来表示“圣礼”,最主要的两项圣礼就是“洗礼” (baptism)和“圣餐礼”(eucharist)。sacrament还可以专指“圣餐礼”。之所以将“圣礼”称为sacrament,是因为圣礼 的一个重要意义就是重温人和上帝所缔结的神圣约定,提醒教徒自己在上帝面前所立下的誓言。

美国加州首府萨克拉门托(Sacramento)的名字就来自sacrament一词。

sacrament:['sækrəm(ə)nt] n.圣礼,圣餐礼vt.立誓

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版:sacrament 词源,sacrament 含义。

sacrament:圣事,圣礼,圣餐

sacra-,神圣的,-ment,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。