rival的词源

英文词源

rival

rival: [16] A rival is etymologically ‘someone who uses the same stream as another’. The word comes from Latin rīvālis, a noun use of an adjective meaning ‘of a stream’, derived from rīvus ‘stream’ (source of English derive). People who use or live by the same stream are neighbours and hence, human nature being as it is, are usually in competition with each other – hence rival.
=> derive

rival (n.)

1570s, from Latin rivalis "a rival, adversary in love; neighbor," originally, "of the same brook," from rivus "brook" (see rivulet). "One who is in pursuit of the same object as another." The sense evolution seems to be based on the competitiveness of neighbors: "one who uses the same stream," or "one on the opposite side of the stream" A secondary sense in Latin and sometimes in English was "associate, companion in duty," from the notion of "one having a common right or privilege with another." As an adjective 1580s from the noun.

rival (v.)

c. 1600, from rival (n.). Related: Rivaled; rivaling.

中文词源

rival（对手）：在河两面争夺河水的人

英语单词rival和river（河流）同源。rival来自古拉丁文rivalis，意思是河对面的人、共饮一江水的人。在古代，围绕一江一河往往会展开激烈的争夺，由近邻演变为对手。所以当rivalis借道法语进入英语时，演变的rival这个词很快就被赋予了竞争对手、敌手的含义。

rival： ['raɪvl] n.竞争对手，敌手adj.竞争的v.竞争

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：rival 词源，rival 含义。

rival：竞争对手

rival源于拉丁语rivalis，原义为“住在河对岸的人”或“共饮一江水的人”。古往今来，一江一河往往成为江河两岸的人纷争之根源，争端之所在。双方为竞争用水权、捕鱼权等往往由近邻变成竞争对手，有时甚而由互相敌对发展为公开冲突，尤其当一条河作为两个国家的界河时，情况更是如此。古代著名的罗马法(Roman Law)就记载了很多关于争夺河岸权的事例。因此，当rival在16世纪转道法语进入英语时，很自然地就被赋予了“竞争对手”或“敌手”的词义。

rival：竞争，对抗

来源于拉丁语中rivus(溪流)派生的rivalis(溪流的)。依同一溪流而居的人们,溪流往往是争夺的资源。

同源词：derive

rival：竞争者

来自拉丁语 rivalis,邻居，对手，竞争者，来自 rivus,溪流，河谷，来自 PIE*reie,流动，流水， 奔跑，词源同 run,Rhine.

rival：竞争者

来自拉丁语 rivalis,邻居，对手，竞争者，来自 rivus,溪流，河谷，来自 PIE*reie,流动，流水， 奔跑，词源同 run,Rhine.