quintessence的词源
英文词源
- quintessence
- quintessence: [15] Just as modern particle physicists search for the ultimate constituent of matter, the common denominator of all known forces, so medieval alchemists tried to find a fifth primary essence, which together with earth, air, fire, and water formed the substance of all heaven and earth. This fifth essence, higher and more ethereal than the other four, was postulated by Aristotle, who called it aithēr ‘either’.
Another Greek term for it was pemptē ousíā ‘fifth essence’, which was translated into medieval Latin as quinta essentia – whence, via French, English quintessence. The metaphorical sense ‘most perfect or characteristic embodiment’ began to emerge in the second half of the 16th century. Other English words based on quintus ‘fifth’, the ordinal form of Latin quinque ‘five’, include quintet [19] and quintuple [16].
- quintessence (n.)
- early 15c., in ancient and medieval philosophy, "pure essence, substance of which the heavenly bodies are composed," literally "fifth essence," from Middle French quinte essence (14c.), from Medieval Latin quinta essentia, from Latin quinta, fem. of quintus "fifth" (see quinque-) + essentia (see Parousia).
A loan-translation of Greek pempte ousia, the "ether" added by Aristotle to the four known elements (water, earth, fire, air) and said to permeate all things. Its extraction was one of the chief goals of alchemy. Sense of "purest essence" (of a situation, character, etc.) is first recorded 1580s.
中文词源
古代希腊哲学家认为世间除了常见的水、火、土、气等四种物质外，还存在第五种物质。这种物质是万物之精华，构成了天体，并弥漫在所有其他物质中。亚里斯多德将这种物质命名为“以太”（ether）。拉丁语将这种物质称为quinta essentia（第五物质）。该词经由法语进入英语后，拼写改为quintessence。中世纪的炼金术士致力于提炼这种物质，认为它能治百病，并且具有长生不老的功效。现在，该词一般用来比喻“精华、精髓、典范”。
quintessence：[kwɪn'tes(ə)ns] n.精华，精髓，典范，第五物质
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：quintessence 词源，quintessence 含义。
古希腊哲学家认为除空气、火、水、土以外，还存在第五要素，它构成天体，并普遍存在于一切物质之中，亚里士多德称之为“以太”( ether)。中世纪拉丁文把“第五要素”译成quintaessentia‘fifth essence’，中世纪法语作quinte essence，15世纪时英语从法语借用了这个词，作quintessence。到了16世纪该词逐渐转义为“精髓”和“完美典型”。例如：The poetry of Keats is the quintessence of beauty.（济慈的诗乃美之典型。）／She is the quintessence of sweetness,（她简直是和蔼可亲的化身。）
quint-,五，essence,精华，实质。一种古代的物质观，世界由水，火，气，土四种基本要素组 成，而第五要素则是将这四种要素有机组合的最重要因素，但是与这四种要素不同的是，第 五要素是无形的。参照电影《第五要素》。
