priest的词源

英文词源

priest

priest: [OE] Priest goes back ultimately to the Greek noun presbúteros, which meant literally ‘elder’ (it was formed from the comparative of the adjective présbus ‘old’). It was used in the Greek translation of the New Testament for ‘elder of the church, priest’. It was borrowed into Latin as presbyter (source of English presbyterian [17]). This subsequently became reduced to *prēster (as in Prester John), which was taken over by Old English as prēost, ancestor of modern English priest.
=> presbyterian

priest (n.)

Old English preost probably shortened from the older Germanic form represented by Old Saxon and Old High German prestar, Old Frisian prestere, all from Vulgar Latin *prester "priest," from Late Latin presbyter "presbyter, elder," from Greek presbyteros (see Presbyterian).

An alternative theory (to account for the -eo- of the Old English word) makes it cognate with Old High German priast, prest, from Vulgar Latin *prevost "one put over others," from Latin praepositus "person placed in charge," from past participle of praeponere (see provost). In Old Testament sense, a translation of Hebrew kohen, Greek hiereus, Latin sacerdos.

中文词源

priest（神父）：宗教群体中的长老

英语单词priest来自拉丁语presbyter，后者来自希腊语 presbyteros，意思是“长老”，用来表示在宗教会众中传播教义、指导信徒的神父，而另外一个希腊单词hiereus则表示在宗教中举行祭祀、管 理供品的人为hiereus（祭司），对应的拉丁语为sacerdos，但英语中没有对应的名词，只有一个直接衍生出来的形容词sacerdotal（祭 司的，僧侣的）。因此，在将拉丁语的《圣经》翻译为英语时，presbyter（长老）和sacerdos（祭司）统统被翻译为priest（神父）。

priest：[priːst] n.神父，牧师，教士，祭司

priestess：['priːstɪs] n.女祭司

priesthood：['priːsthʊd] n.祭司职，神职，僧职

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：priest 词源，priest 含义。

priest：神父，祭司

来自古英语preost,祭司，神父，来自拉丁语presbyter,长者，老人，词源同presbytery.