precarious的词源
英文词源
- precarious
- precarious: [17] Precarious comes from Latin precārius (source also of English prayer), which meant ‘obtained by asking or praying’. It was originally used in English as a legal term, in which ‘obtained by asking’ had undergone a slight change in focus to ‘held through the favour of another’. This introduced the notion that the favour might be withdrawn, and that the possession was therefore uncertain, and so the adjective soon came to be used for ‘depending on chance or caprice’ and, in the 18th century, ‘risky’.
Latin precārius was derived from prex ‘prayer’, a close relative of precārī ‘ask, entreat, pray’, from which English gets pray.
=> pray - precarious (adj.)
- 1640s, a legal word, "held through the favor of another," from Latin precarius "obtained by asking or praying," from prex (genitive precis) "entreaty, prayer" (see pray). Notion of "dependent on the will of another" led to extended sense "risky, dangerous, uncertain" (1680s). "No word is more unskillfully used than this with its derivatives. It is used for uncertain in all its senses; but it only means uncertain, as dependent on others ..." [Johnson]. Related: Precariously; precariousness.
中文词源
英语单词precarious来自法律术语precarium（不确定占有），词根为precis（pray），意思是“通过祈祷、请求而得到的”，因为是不确定的、不牢靠的。罗马帝国初期，政府按照土地的面积而非收成来对农民征税。因此，在歉收之年，很多自由农因为交不起税而被迫把土地转让给享有免税特权的大贵族，而这些贵族则承诺农民可以继续耕种土地。也就是说，农民将土地所有权转让给了贵族，但保留了土地的使用权。但那时候人们头脑中还无法区分“所有权”和“使用权”，因此将农民所保留的土地使用权称为precarium（不确定占有），意思就是拥有土地的贵族应农民请求而将土地作为礼物送给农民，但贵族有权随时收回。从precarium衍生出形容词precarius，进入英语后拼写改为precarious，词义也从“不确定、不牢靠的”引申出“危险的，岌岌可危的”。
precarious：[prɪ'keərɪəs] adj.危险的，岌岌可危的，不稳定的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：precarious 词源，precarious 含义。
来自拉丁语precarius,乞求，恳求，乞怜而得，来自拉丁语precari,乞求，要求，恳求，来自PIE*prek,要求，恳求，词源同deprecate,pray.引申词义寄人篱下的，依附于人的，不稳的，危险的等。
