post的词源

英文词源

post: post: Including the prefix post-, English has four different words post. The oldest, ‘long upright piece of wood, metal, etc’ [OE], was borrowed from Latin postis. From it was derived the verb post ‘fix to a post’, which in turn produced poster [19], denoting a placard that can be ‘posted’ up. Post ‘mail’ [16] comes via French poste and Italian posta from Vulgar Latin *posta, a contracted version of posita, the feminine form of the past participle of Latin pōnere ‘put, place’ (source of English position).

The notion underlying the sense ‘mail’ is of riders ‘placed’ or stationed at intervals along a road so as to carry letters at speed by a relay system. Post ‘job’ [16] reached English via a very similar route, this time from the neuter form of the Latin past participle, positum. This became *postum in Vulgar Latin, which produced Italian posto, French poste, and English post.

Here again the word’s original meaning, ‘position where a soldier is placed’, reflects that of its Latin source pōnere. The prefix post- comes from the Latin preposition post ‘after’. It occurs in a number of English words that go back to Latin ancestors (including posterior [16], posthumous, postpone [16], postscript [16], and the more heavily disguised preposterous), as well as being widely used to create new coinages (such as postgraduate [19] and postwar [20]).
=> position
post (adv.): 1540s, "with post horses," hence, "rapidly;" especially in the phrase to ride post "go rapidly," from post (n.3).
post (n.1): "a timber set upright," from Old English post "pillar, doorpost," and Old French post "post, upright beam," both from Latin postis "door, post, doorpost," perhaps from por- "forth" (see pro-) + stare "to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand, set down, make or be firm" (see stet). Similar compound in Sanskrit prstham "back, roof, peak," Avestan parshti "back," Greek pastas "porch in front of a house, colonnade," Middle High German virst "ridepole," Lithuanian pirstas, Old Church Slavonic pristu "finger" (PIE *por-st-i-).
post (n.2): "place when on duty," 1590s, from Middle French poste "place where one is stationed," also, "station for post horses" (16c.), from Italian posto "post, station," from Vulgar Latin *postum, from Latin positum, neuter past participle of ponere "to place, to put" (see position (n.)). Earliest sense in English was military; meaning "job, position" is attested 1690s.
post (n.3): "mail system," c. 1500, "riders and horses posted at intervals," from post (n.2) on notion of riders and horses "posted" at intervals along a route to speed mail in relays, probably formed on model of Middle French poste in this sense (late 15c.). Meaning "system for carrying mail" is from 1660s.
post (v.4): "to put up bail money," 1781, from one of the nouns post, but which one is uncertain. Related: Posted; posting.
post (v.1): "to affix (a paper, etc.) to a post" (in a public place), hence, "to make known," 1630s, from post (n.1). Related: Posted; posting.
post (v.2): in bookkeeping, "to transfer from a day book to a formal account," 1620s, from post (n.2) via a figurative sense of "carrying" by post horses. Related: Posted; posting.
post (v.3): "to send through the postal system," 1837, from post (n.3). Earlier, "to travel with relays of horses" (1530s). Related: Posted; posting.
post (v.5): "to station at a post," from post (n.2). Related: Posted; posting.

中文词源

post（邮递）：古代用来传递信函的驿站

古代的文明古国普遍建立过发布政令、传递信息的邮驿制度。在幅员辽阔的国度，一般都会修筑驿道并建立驿站，利用骑马、马车等方式传递官方文书。古罗马继承了波斯的邮驿制度，在整个地中海地区建立了驿道网，并按照一定距离建立驿站。西方谚语“条条道路通罗马”就反映了古罗马驿道的发达。在拉丁语中表示“驿站”的单词是postum，本意就是“place where one is stationed”（歇脚住宿的地方）。英语中与邮政有关的单词就来源于此。

post： [pəʊst] n.岗位，邮件，标杆vt.邮递，张贴，公布

postman： ['pəʊs(t)mən] n.邮递员，邮差

postal： ['pəʊst(ə)l] adj.邮政的，邮局的n.明信片

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：post 词源，post 含义。

post：柱，邮件，岗位，职位，邮政

作“柱;张贴”时,来源于拉丁语postis(门柱);作“邮件,邮递;岗位,职位”时,来源于拉丁语动词ponere(放置)的过去分词positus,经法语和意大利语进入英语为post。

-posit-放置 → post

post：柱，桩，张贴，岗位，派驻，邮政，邮件，立刻，马上

来自拉丁语ponere,放置，-st,过去分词格，词源同position,composite.并引申如下词义：1.柱子，桩，张贴榜文，张贴；2.军事哨所，岗位，派驻；3.古驿站，驿马，邮差，邮政，邮件；4.立刻，马上，来自短语to ride post,骑上驿马，换马，紧急赶路。