pontiff的词源
英文词源
- pontiff
- pontiff: [17] In ancient Rome, members of the highest college of priests were known by the epithet pontifex. This looks as though it should mean ‘bridgemaker’ (as if it were formed from Latin pōns ‘bridge’ – source of English pontoon – with the suffix -fex, from facere ‘make’), but no one has ever been able to make any sense of this, and it is generally assumed that it originated as a loan-word, perhaps from Etruscan, and was subsequently adapted by folk etymology to pontifex.
It was adopted into Christian usage in the sense ‘bishop’. The pope was the ‘sovereign pontifex’, and in due course pontifex came to designate the ‘pope’ himself. The word passed into French as pontife, from which English gets pontiff.
=> punt - pontiff (n.)
- c. 1600, "high priest," from French pontif (early 16c.), from Latin pontifex, title of a Roman high priest (see pontifex). Used for "bishop" in Church Latin, but not recorded in that sense in English until 1670s, specifically "the bishop of Rome," the pope. Pontifical, however, is used with this sense from mid-15c.
中文词源
pontiff（主教）：古罗马宗教中的大祭司
在词典中，pontiff既表示“主教”，也可以表示“教宗”、“罗马教皇”。主教 和教皇应该不是同一层次的职务，怎么能用同一个词表示呢？原来，pontiff的本意既不是“主教”，也不是“教皇”，而是指基督教兴起之前古罗马宗教中 的高级祭司，拉丁语为pontifex（意为bridge-maker或path-maker），可译为“大祭司”，相当于基督教中的“主教” （bishop）。高级祭司中的首脑被称为Pontifex Maximus，（大祭司长），地位相当于教皇。在基督教成为罗马国教之前，Pontifex Maximus，（大祭司长）一职通常由罗马皇帝兼任。
英语单词pontiff来自拉丁语pontifex，相当于bishop，但人们很少用它来表示“主教”，直到17世纪才开始使用，但一般都是特指“the bishop of Rome”（罗马主教），也就是位于罗马的教皇了。
pontiff：['pɒntɪf] n.主教，罗马教宗，教皇，大祭司
pontifical：adj.主教的，罗马教宗的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：pontiff 词源，pontiff 含义。
来自拉丁语pontifex,主祭司，教皇，来自pons,桥，-fex,做，制造，词源同do,fact.即修桥的人，引申词义连接凡人和神的人，后用做教皇尊称。
