poll的词源

英文词源

poll

poll: [13] ‘Head’ is the original and central meaning of poll, from which all its modern uses have derived. The ‘voting’ sort of poll, for instance, which emerged in the 17th century, is etymologically a counting of ‘heads’, and the poll tax is a ‘per capita’ tax. The verb poll originally meant ‘cut someone’s hair’, a clear extension of the notion of ‘top’ or ‘head’ (the derived pollard [16] denotes an ‘animal with its horns removed’ or a ‘tree with its top branches cut off’); this later developed to ‘cut evenly across’, which is what the poll of deed poll means (originally it was a legal agreement cut evenly across, signifying that only one person was party to it – agreements made between two or more people were cut with a wavy line).
=> pollard

poll (n.)

"head," early 14c., polle "hair of the head; piece of fur from the head of an animal," also "head," from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch pol "head, top." Sense extended early 14c. to "person, inpidual." Meaning "collection of votes" is first recorded 1620s, from notion of "counting heads;" meaning "survey of public opinion" is first recorded 1902. Poll tax, literally "head tax," is from 1690s. Literal use in English tends toward the part of the head where the hair grows.

poll (v.1)

"to take the votes of," 1620s, from poll (n.). Related: Polled; polling. A deed poll "deed executed by one party only," is from earlier verbal meaning "cut the hair of," because the deed was cut straight rather than indented (see indent).

poll (v.2)

"to cut, trim," late 14c., "to cut short the hair" (of an animal or person), from poll (n.). Of trees or plants from 1570s. Related: Polled; polling.

Poll

fem. proper name, short for Polly. Noted from 1620s as a parrot's name.

中文词源

poll（民意测验）：古代用人头数来进行投票

英语单词poll的本意是head（人头），具体来说是人的头顶，也就是在人群中数人头时能看到的部位。因此，poll衍生出了“人头数”的含义。poll tax就是“人头税”的意思，即按照人头数征收的税。

古代人们进行投票的一种最简单的方式就是数人头，人头数就相当于得票数。因此，poll从“人头数”又衍生出“得票数、投票数”的含义，而且还可以用来表示“投票”。在现代，poll通常用来表示“民意测验”。

poll：n.民意测验，投票，投票数，投票所v.投票，对……进行民意测验

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：poll 词源，poll 含义。

poll：民意测验．投票数　　

这是现代英语中极为常用的一个词，其今义和古义相差甚远。在中世纪英语该词拼作polle／pol，意为“人头”或“头顶”。英语中“人头税”作poll tax，美国英语也作head tax，再好不过地说明了这一点。头顶是人在靡集时可以看清的一部分，故昔日选举往往按poll来计数。时间一长，poll的词义逐渐演变。如今poll多用于“投票数”、“选举投票”和“民意测验”等引申义，如a heavy (light，poor) poll表示“高（低）得票率”，declare the poll是“宣布投票结果”。poll用作动词时，可作“截去树梢”、“截去羊、鹿等的角”等义解，故“截去树梢的树”或“截去角的鹿（或牛、羊）”均称以poilard。

poll：头，头部，投票选举，民意调查，剪枝，修剪

来自中古英语polle,头皮，头部，头，来自中古德语pol,头，顶点，顶部，来自Proto-Germanic*pullaz,头，头顶，圆形物体，来自PIE*boul,圆形物体，鼓起，泡沫，来自PIE*beu,吹，膨胀，鼓起，词源同ball,pouch,.引申词义数人头，投票，投票选举，民意调查以及动词词义剪头，剪枝，修剪等。