poliomyelitis的词源

英文词源

poliomyelitis (n.)

1874, also polio-myelitis, coined by German physician Adolph Kussmaul (1822-1902) from Greek polios "grey" (see fallow (adj.)) + myelos "marrow" + -itis "inflammation." So called because the gray matter in the spinal cord is inflamed, which causes paralysis. The earlier name was infantile paralysis (1843).

In many respects, also, this affection resembles the acute spinal paralysis of infancy, which, from the researches of Charcot, Joffroy, and others, have been shown pathologically to be an acute myelitis of the anterior cornua. Hence, for these forms of paralysis, Professor Kussmaul suggests the name of 'poliomyelitis anterior.' ["London Medical Record," Dec. 9, 1874]

中文词源

poliomyelitis：脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症

来自希腊语pilios,灰白的，词源同pale,pallor.myelitis,脊髓炎。俗称小儿麻痹症。

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：poliomyelitis 词源，poliomyelitis 含义。

poliomyelitis：脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症

该词更为人熟知的缩略形式是polio，小儿麻痹这四个字来自日语，学名叫做“脊髓灰质炎”。这个名称中体现了三个元素：脊髓 + 灰质 + 炎症。后缀-itis是炎症，词根myel-表示marrow（骨髓），而词根poli-表示灰色，与单词falcon（猎鹰）同源，后者是gray bird之意。同根词：

pale： v.使失色，adj.苍白的

pallid： adj.苍白的；暗淡的；无生气的

pallor： n.苍白（脸色）

appall： v.使胆寒，使惊骇