police的词源

英文词源

policeyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
police: [16] Etymologically, the police are in charge of the administration of a ‘city’. In fact, police is essentially the same word as policy ‘plan of action’. Both go back to Latin polītīa ‘civil administration’, a descendant of Greek pólis ‘city’. In medieval Latin a variant polītia emerged, which became French police.

English took it over, and at first continued to use it for ‘civil administration’ (Edmund Burke as late as 1791 described the Turks as ‘a barbarous nation, with a barbarous neglect of police, fatal to the human race’). Its specific application to the administration of public order emerged in France in the early 18th century, and the first body of public-order officers to be named police in England was the Marine Police, a force set up around 1798 to protect merchandise in the Port of London.

=> politics
police (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
c. 1530, at first essentially the same word as policy (n.1); from Middle French police (late 15c.), from Latin politia "civil administration," from Greek polis "city" (see polis).

Until mid-19c. used in England for "civil administration;" application to "administration of public order" (1716) is from French (late 17c.), and originally in English referred to France or other foreign nations. The first force so-named in England was the Marine Police, set up 1798 to protect merchandise at the Port of London. Police state "state regulated by means of national police" first recorded 1865, with reference to Austria. Police action in the international sense of "military intervention short of war, ostensibly to correct lawlessness" is from 1933. Police officer is attested from 1800. Police station is from 1817.
police (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"to keep order in," 1580s, from Middle French policer, from police (see police (n.)). Meaning "to keep order by means of police" is from 1837. Related: Policed; policing.

中文词源

police(警察):负责城市管理和社会治安的组织

单词police最初和policy是同一个单词,其含义与“警察”、“政策”都没有关系,而是表示civil administration(城市管理)。该词来自拉丁语politia(城市管理)和希腊语polis(城市)。英语词根polis就来源于此。早在13世纪,法国就出现了专门维持社会治安的武装力量。1254年,路易九世创立“夜间巡警队”。1337年,腓力六世创立“法国骑兵团”,后来改名为“宪兵骑警队”。但是这些武装力量都还没有以police命名。1667年,法国国王路易十四创立了“警察副总监”官职,首次用police一词来表示当时负责维持社会治安的武装力量。从此以后,单词police才含有了“警察”的含义。

1828年,在当时的英国内政大臣Robert Peel爵士的主持下,英国通过“大都市警察法案”(Metropolitan police act),率先建立了现代警察制度。第二年,他组建了伦敦警察部队。从此以后,表示“警察”的police一词开始在英国广为使用。

metropolis: [mɪ'trɒp(ə)lɪs] n.大都市,首府,重要中心。记:metro=matri,母亲+polis城市→母城→大城市,首府

metropolitan: [metrə'pɒlɪt(ə)n] adj.大城市的,首府的n.大城市人,宗主国的公民

cosmopolis:[kɒz'mɒp(ə)lɪs] n.国际都市。记:cosmo=cosmos,宇宙的,世界的+polis城市→世界性的城市→国际都市

police:[pə'liːs] n.警察,警方,治安adj.警察的vt.管辖,维持……的治安

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:police 词源,police 含义。

police:警察

关于这一常用词的身世,令天恐怕很少人会去探究。它源出希腊语poiis(城市),通过拉丁词politia(政策,政府)和中古法语词police于16世纪进入英语。最初词的重音落在第一个音节上,原始词义为“国家政策”(staie policy)。1750年左右,法国建立_第一支现代化的警察部队,这时police已含有“执法”(law enforcement)之意。其实这可以说足吐界上最早的警察部队,也是当代各国警察部队的原型。1828年英国通过有争议的“大都市治安洼”(Metropolitan policc act),提出该治安法的主要是英国内政大臣Robert Peel爵士(1788 - 1850)。翌年,他组建了伦敦警察部队。从此以后,police 一词转义为“警察”,并开始在莫国广为使用。Robert的昵称是Bobby,因此英国人至今在口语中仍然爱用bobby 一词作为警察的代称。英国英语中还有一个表示“警察”的俚语用词peeler则是出自这位内政大臣的姓氏,peel加表人后缀-er构成的。早在1818年Robert Peel任爱尔兰首席秘书时,就在那里建立了一支爱尔兰保安队(the IrishConstabuluy),队员被称为peeler。待到1829年伦敦警察部队组建起来以后,peeler在俚语中也被用以泛指“警察”了,但如今州得很少。至于原义为“马厩总管”的constable 一词恐怕也是在1829年以后才被赋予“警察”这一新义的。可见,英国英语中表示“警察”的policeman,bobby,peeler,constable四个阐同Robert Peel或多或少均有关系。

police:警察

来自拉丁语politia,城市管理,来自希腊语polis,城市,词源同policy,polity.该词为policy对词,后用于指警察。