philistine的词源

英文词源

philistineyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
philistine: [16] The original Philistines were inhabitants of Philistia, an area in the southwestern corner of ancient Palestine. They were famed for their aggression and harrying tactics, and so the word Philistine was often used metaphorically for an ‘enemy into whose hands one might fall’, but the notion of a Philistine as a ‘boorish person’ is a comparatively recent development, not recorded in English until the 19th century.

It appears to have originated in German universities (the German term is Philister), and the story goes that it comes from the use of the biblical quotation ‘the Philistines be upon thee, Samson’ as the text of a sermon delivered at the funeral service for a student killed in a town-and-gown riot in Jena.

PhilistineyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
Old Testament people of coastal Palestine who made war on the Israelites, early 14c., from Old French Philistin, from Late Latin Philistinus, from Late Greek Philistinoi (plural), from Hebrew P'lishtim, "people of P'lesheth" ("Philistia"); compare Akkad. Palastu, Egyptian Palusata; the word probably is the people's name for itself.
philistine (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"person deficient in liberal culture," 1827, originally in Carlyle, popularized by him and Matthew Arnold, from German Philister "enemy of God's word," literally "Philistine," inhabitants of a Biblical land, neighbors (and enemies) of Israel (see Philistine). Popularized in German student slang (supposedly first in Jena, late 17c.) as a contemptuous term for "townies," and hence, by extension, "any uncultured person." Philistine had been used in a humorous figurative sense of "the enemy" in English from c. 1600.

中文词源

philistine(庸俗之辈):以色列的死敌非利士人

非利士人(philistine)居住在中东迦南南部海岸的古民族,其领土在后来的文献中被称为“非利士地”(Palaestina,巴勒斯坦)。非利士人是以色列人的劲敌,在圣经旧约中详细记载了以色列人和非利士人的战争和恩怨。在以色列人眼中,非利士人是没有信仰的野蛮人,是文明的破坏者。

1689年,在德国一个叫做耶拿(Jena)的城市中,当地的大学生和市民之间爆发了一场激烈的冲突,有数人在冲突中丧生。事后,耶拿大学的牧师在一次布道中,针对这场大学生和市民之间的冲突发表了尖锐的评论,把市民比作圣经中与以色列人作对的非利士人。

从此以后,人们用“非利士人”(philistine)来形容那些没有接受过大学教育,缺乏文化修养并鄙视文化的人。从这个词还产生了“庸俗主义”(Philistinism)一词,字面意思就是“非利士人的方式、习惯、个性和思维方式”,指的是低估、鄙视艺术、审美、精神和智力的态度,也称为“反智主义”。

philistine: ['fɪlɪstin] n.非利士人,庸俗之辈

Philistinism:['fɪləstɪnzəm] n.庸俗主义,实利主义,市侩主义

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:philistine 词源,philistine 含义。

philistine:缺乏教养的(人),市侩的,平庸之辈

原为《圣经·旧约》中一古代民族名,汉译作“非利士人”或“腓力斯人”o公元前12世纪非利士人(the Philistines)在以色副人到达前不久定居于今巴勒斯坦西南海岸地带,建立了一个基督教《圣经》中称作非利士( Philistia)的古国。我们今天所用的Palestine(巴勒斯坦)一词就意含“非利士人之地”。非利士人很早就掌握了炼铁技术。他们凭借先进的武器不断扩张,屡次战胜了与之争霸的以色列入,曾于公元前1050年左右占领以色列入的部分山区,但最后于公元前10世纪为以色列王大卫所败。因此,在《圣经》中非利士人是以色列人的大敌,被描绘成野蛮好战的民族。然而,philistine 一词直到好几个世纪之后才进入语言之中。1693年(一说1 689年)在德国大学城耶那(Jena)发生了一起城镇居民与大学师生之间的流血争斗,在这一事件中有数人丧生。一位牧师在葬礼上致悼辞,对那些无知的居民宣讲教育的重要性时,引用了基督教《圣经·旧约》《士师记》(]udges)第16章中的一句话:“The Philistines be upon thee,Samson!”(参孙哪,非利士人逮你来了!)这是士师参孙(Samson)的情妇大利拉(D~dilah)趁参孙熟睡之际让人剃除他头上七条发绺后虚情假意对他说的。Philistine的德语对应词Philister立即在德国大学生中流行起来,他们用它来指缺乏教养的城镇居民。又过了约两个世纪,1869年英国诗人和评论家阿诺德(Matthew Arnold,1822 - 1888)在其论著《文化与无政府状态》(Culture andAnarchy)第1章中用了从德语PhiLister移译的Philistine 一词来指“投有文化教养的人”或“平庸之辈”。他枉书中这样写遭:‘‘The people who believe most that our greatness and wel-fare are proved by our being very rich. and who most give their lives and thoughts to becoming rich, are just the very people whom we call Philistines."从此以后,Philistine就在英语中广为使用,逐渐变为一个普通名词,首字母也由大写变小写,而且常用作形容词,表示“缺乏教养的”等义。

正如以色列人把与他们为邻的非利士人看作是野蛮好战的民族一样,古雅典人对皮奥夏人(Boeotian)也持类似看法。皮奥夏( Boeotia)乃古希腊一具有独特军事、艺术和政治历史的地区。但雅典人认为皮奥夏人对文学艺术一无所知,像牛一样愚钝。嗣后,Boeotian作为Philistine的近义词进入了英语,表示“没有文化教养的(人)”、“迟钝的(人)"等义,但该词远不如phiListine常用。其吏,诗人品达(Pindar)和传记作家普卢塔克(PLutarch)等古希腊名人都是出自该地区的。

Philistine:非利士人

《圣经》中记载的与以色列打战的一支巴勒斯坦人。来自希腊语Philistinoi,来自希伯来语P’lishtim,民族名,词源同Palestine.

philistine:俗气的,无教养的

来自Philistine,非利士人。在17 世纪时德国校园俚语用来指学校周边的城里人,引申词义俗 气的人,无教养的人等。