person的词源

英文词源

person

person: [13] Latin persōna originally denoted a ‘mask, particularly one worn by an actor’ (it may have been borrowed from Etruscan phersu ‘mask’). It gradually evolved through ‘character played by an actor’ (a meaning preserved in English persona [20], a term introduced by Jungian psychology) to ‘inpidual human being’. It entered English via Old French persone, and by the normal processes of phonetic development has become parson.

But this in the Middle English period was hived off (for reasons that have never been satisfactorily explained) to ‘priest’, and the original Latinate spelling person was restored for ‘human being’. Other derivatives to have reached English include impersonate [17], personage [15], personal [14], personality [14], and, via French, personnel [19].
=> impersonate, parson, personnel

person (n.)

early 13c., from Old French persone "human being, anyone, person" (12c., Modern French personne) and directly from Latin persona "human being, person, personage; a part in a drama, assumed character," originally "mask, false face," such as those of wood or clay worn by the actors in later Roman theater. OED offers the general 19c. explanation of persona as "related to" Latin personare "to sound through" (i.e. the mask as something spoken through and perhaps amplifying the voice), "but the long o makes a difficulty ...." Klein and Barnhart say it is possibly borrowed from Etruscan phersu "mask." Klein goes on to say this is ultimately of Greek origin and compares Persephone.

Of corporate entities from mid-15c. The use of -person to replace -man in compounds and avoid alleged sexist connotations is first recorded 1971 (in chairperson). In person "by bodily presence" is from 1560s. Person-to-person first recorded 1919, originally of telephone calls.

中文词源

person（人）：古希腊罗马戏剧中的面具

中国的传统戏剧如京剧中有所谓的脸谱，不同的人物性格就用不同的脸谱予以直观的表示。古代希腊、罗马的戏剧中也有类似的表现手法，不过不是脸谱，而是面具，不同角色戴不同面具。佩戴面具可以解决一人分饰多角的问题，还能克服剧场条件限制，使远处的观众辨别出角色的形象和表情。这种面具，拉丁文就叫做persona。正因为如此，persona渐渐成了戏剧中的“人物角色”的意思。由于每个人在社会生活中都要扮演一定的人格角色，所以persona就从戏剧中的“人物角色”延伸为表示人在社会生活中的人格角色，从而产生了英语单词person。

person：['pɜːs(ə)n]n.人，个人

persona：[pə'səʊnə; pɜː-]n.人物角色，伪装的外表

personal： ['pɜːs(ə)n(ə)l]adj.个人的，私人的，亲自的

personality： [pɜːsə'nælɪtɪ]n.人格，个性。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：person 词源，person 含义。

person：人

古罗马和古希腊的戏剧演员往往在一场演出中扮演几个不同的角色。他们每换一个角色，就换上一个不同的假面具。面具在拉丁文中作persona。嗣后，persona的词义引申为“角色”或“剧中人”。，英语至今还时而将该拉丁词用于此义。莎士比亚有一句名言“整个世界乃是一个舞台，所有的男人和女人仅是演员而已”(All the world's a stage，and all the men and women merely players．)我们每个人确实在世界这个大舞台上扮演着不同的角色，据此比喻，persona又从“剧中人”进而延伸为现实中的“人”。英语里person这个普通不过的单词就是来源于persona的。它在13世纪通过法语加阳州已进入英语后演变出两种形式：一为parson，用以指“牧师”，一为person指“人”。男女平等主义者竭力主张用person来代替他们所谓的男姓词成分man，如把chairman（主席），salesman（售货员）等改成chairperson, salespersono具有讽刺意味的是person的词源persona在拉丁语中乃是一个阴性名词，当然也就算不上是中性词了。

person：人

来自拉丁语persona,面具，角色，演员，性格，假象，人，可能来自personare,发声，透过，来自per-,通过，-son,声音，词源同sound,sonorous.其原义可能是透过面具发出声音或扩大声音，该词原为古罗马时期戏剧表演时演员所戴的面具，后引申多种词义。