penguin的词源

英文词源

penguin

penguin: [16] Penguin is one of the celebrated mystery words of English etymology. It first appears towards the end of the 16th century (referring to the ‘great auk’ as well as to the ‘penguin’) in accounts of voyages to the southern oceans, but no one has ever ascertained where it came from. A narrative of 1582 noted ‘The countrymen call them Penguins (which seemeth to be a Welsh name)’, and in 1613 John Selden speculated that the name came from Welsh pen gwyn ‘white head’.

Etymologists since have not been able to come up with a better guess than this, but it is at odds with the fact that the great auk had a mainly black head, and so do penguins. The earliest known reference to the word (from 1578) mentions the birds being found on an ‘island named Penguin’, off Newfoundland, so it could be that it was originally the name of the island (perhaps ‘white (i.e. snow-covered) headland’) rather than of the bird.

However, a further objection to this theory is that a combination based on Welsh pen gwyn would have produced penwyn, not penguin.

penguin (n.)

1570s, originally used of the great auk of Newfoundland (now extinct), shift in meaning to the Antarctic bird (which looks something like it, found by Drake in Magellan's Straits in 1578) is from 1580s. Of unknown origin, though often asserted to be from Welsh pen "head" (see pen-) + gwyn "white" (see Gwendolyn), but Barnhart says the proposed formation is not proper Welsh. The great auk had a large white patch between its bill and eye. The French and Breton versions of the word ultimately are from English.

中文词源

penguin：企鹅

企鹅的头部虽然是黑色的，但其英语名称penguin却源自意为white head的威尔士语pen gwyn（pen‘head’+gywn‘white’）。16世纪在北大西洋的岛屿上栖息着一种短翅、蹼足、头部有白斑的大海鸟（1844年后灭绝），英语通称great auk（大海雀），威尔士渔民和水手因其头部是白的而称之为penguin。许多年以后南纬度地区的水手在南极见到企鹅时，不知出于什么原因，搬用了原指一种北极海鸟的penguin来指这种南极海鸟，也许是因为它们样子极为相似的缘故吧。

penguin有个派生词penguinize，在英国用以表示以平装本的形式出版或再版一本书。该词源出Penguin Books Limited（企鹅图书有限公司），那是一家成立于1935年，专门出版平装本书籍的出版公司。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：penguin 词源，penguin 含义。

penguin：企鹅

词源不详，可能来自威尔士语pen,头，gwyn,白。原指北极附近一种白头云雀，后用于指南极的企鹅。或来自拉丁语pinguis,脂肪，肥的，词源同fat,pine.