patron的词源
英文词源
- patron
- patron: [14] Patron is one of a large group of English words descended from pater, the Latin member of the Indo-European family of ‘father’- words (which also includes English father). Among the others are paternal [17], paternity [15], paternoster [OE] (literally ‘our father’), patrician [15], and patrimony [14]. Patron itself comes from Latin patrōnus, a derivative of pater which was used for ‘one who protects the interests of another, as a father does’.
By postclassical times it had acquired its current meanings, including that of a ‘guardian saint’. Pattern is ultimately the same word as patron. The Greek branch of the ‘father’-family is represented by patér, from which English gets patriarch [12], patriot [16] (based ultimately on the notion of a ‘fatherland’), and patronymic [17].
=> father, paternal, pattern, patrician, patriot - patron (n.)
- "a lord-master, a protector," c. 1300, from Old French patron "patron, protector, patron saint" (12c.) and directly from Medieval Latin patronus "patron saint, bestower of a benefice, lord, master, model, pattern," from Latin patronus "defender, protector, former master (of a freed slave); advocate," from pater (genitive patris) "father" (see father (n.)). Meaning "one who advances the cause" (of an artist, institution, etc.), usually by the person's wealth and power, is attested from late 14c.; "commonly a wretch who supports with insolence, and is paid with flattery" [Johnson]. Commercial sense of "regular customer" first recorded c. 1600. Patron saint (1717) originally was simply patron (late 14c.).
中文词源
patron（赞助人）：掏钱资助艺术家的贵族
在古代，艺术家的日子不好过。因为艺术品既不能拿来充饥，又不能拿来保暖，所以不能像普通商品那样能给艺术家带来稳定的收入。艺术家的收入主要来自上流人士的资助。那些达官贵人欣赏某位艺术家的才华，就会花大价钱购买他的作品。这种购买艺术家的作品、资助艺术家的人就被称为patron（赞助人、保护人）。这个单词来自拉丁语patronus（守护神、保护人），词根是pater（father，父亲）。英语单词patrician（贵族）与此同源。
对于艺术家来说，这些人绝不仅仅是买家，而是他们的恩人和庇护人，故称之曰patron。例如文艺复兴时期的意大利，在二百年的文艺复兴鼎盛时期，美第奇家族是许多艺术大师们的patron。罗马和佛罗伦萨的许多名垂青史的建筑，雕塑，绘画和壁画，都是在美第奇家族的资助下，由波提切利，达芬奇，米开郎基罗，拉斐尔等艺术大师完成，因而创造了辉煌灿烂的文艺复兴文化。
在现代，patron一词的含义已经泛化，可以表示各种行业的大主顾，但依然含有“赞助、庇护”的含义，因此一般指的是那种经常惠顾的老主顾，而不是一般的顾客（customer）。
patron：['peɪtr(ə)n] n.主顾、赞助人、庇护人
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：patron 词源，patron 含义。
来源于拉丁语中pater(父亲)派生的patronus(保护者),经古法语进入英语。
词根词缀： -patr-父,祖国 + -on名词词尾
同源词：pattern
来自古法语patron,赞助，主顾，来自拉丁语patronus,守护圣人，保护者，来自pater,父亲，词源同father.后引申词义顾客，主顾，赞助商。
