patrician的词源
英文词源
- patrician




- patrician: see patron
- patrician (n.)




- early 15c., "member of the ancient Roman noble order," from Middle French patricien, from Latin patricius "of the rank of the nobles, of the senators; of fatherly dignity," from patres conscripti "Roman senators," literally "fathers," plural of pater "father" (see father (n.)). Contrasted, in ancient Rome, with plebeius. Applied to noble citizens and higher orders of free folk in medieval Italian and German cities (sense attested in English from 1610s); hence "nobleman, aristocrat" in a modern sense (1630s). As an adjective, attested from 1610s, from the noun.
中文词源
古罗马建城之初,创建者罗慕路斯召集各氏族中德高望重的首脑人物,由他们组成元老院,担任各种公职,协助他治理罗马。这些人被称为patres,是pater(father,家长、家父)的复数形式。古罗马建立后很长一段时期内,所有公职都只能由patres的后代来担任,因此形成了一个专门的统治阶级,被称为patricius。该词经由法语进入英语后演变为patrician(贵族)。罗马公民中,patrician以外的人被称为plebeian(平民)。最初,贵族和平民之间不得通婚,平民不能担任任何公职。经过平民阶级的长期抗争后,最后才迫使贵族们废除了这些不平等制度。
与nobleman不同,patrician是由血统决定的,具有封闭性和世袭性。patrician的后代永远是patrician,而plebeian的后代永远不能成为patrician,但如果能取得执政官这样的高位后,就变成了nobleman,他的后代也能世袭为nobleman。
patrician:[pə'trɪʃ(ə)n] n.贵族,古罗马氏族贵族adj.贵族的,显贵的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:patrician 词源,patrician 含义。
来自拉丁语patricius,像父亲的,高贵的,贵族的,来自pater,父亲,词源同father.引申词义上流社会的。