park的词源

英文词源

park

park: [13] The origins of park are Germanic. It goes back to a prehistoric Germanic base, meaning ‘enclosed place’, which has also given English paddock. This reached English by direct descent, but park took a route via medieval Latin. Here it was parricus, which passed into English via Old French parc. The verbal use of park, for ‘place a vehicle’, began to emerge in the early 19th century, and was based on the notion of putting military vehicles, artillery, etc in an ‘enclosure’. Parquet [19] comes from a diminutive of French parc, in the sense ‘small enclosed place’.
=> paddock, parquet

park (n.)

mid-13c., "enclosed preserve for beasts of the chase," from Old French parc "enclosed wood or heath land used as a game preserve" (12c.), probably ultimately from West Germanic *parruk "enclosed tract of land" (cognates: Old English pearruc, root of paddock (n.2), Old High German pfarrih "fencing about, enclosure," German pferch "fold for sheep," Dutch park).

Internal evidence suggests the West Germanic word is pre-4c. and originally meant the fencing, not the place enclosed. Found also in Medieval Latin as parricus "enclosure, park" (8c.), which likely is the direct source of the Old French word, as well as Italian parco, Spanish parque, etc. Some claim the Medieval Latin word as the source of the West Germanic, but the reverse seems more likely. Some later senses in English represent later borrowings from French. OED discounts notion of a Celtic origin. Welsh parc, Gaelic pairc are from English.

Meaning "enclosed lot in or near a town, for public recreation" is first attested 1660s, originally in reference to London; the sense evolution is via royal parks in the original, hunting sense being overrun by the growth of London and being opened to the public. Applied to sporting fields in American English from 1867.

New York's Park Avenue as an adjective meaning "luxurious and fashionable" (1956) was preceded in the same sense by London's Park Lane (1880). As a surname, Parker "keeper of a park" is attested in English from mid-12c. As a vehicle transmission gear, park (n.) is attested from 1949.

park (v.)

1812, "to arrange military vehicles in a park," from park (n.) in a limited sense of "enclosure for military vehicles" (attested from 1680s). General non-military meaning "to put (a vehicle) in a certain place" is first recorded 1844. Related: Parked; parking. Park-and-ride is from 1966.

中文词源

park（公园）：供贵族狩猎游玩的围场

古代欧洲贵族崇尚武艺，喜爱狩猎，平素的一大娱乐就是狩猎，因此会将一些土地围起来作为狩猎场所，其他人不得进入。这种供贵族狩猎游玩的围场就是park。英语单词park一词来自古法语parc，最初的含义是enclosure（围场）。如我国河北承德市的木兰围场其实就是一个典型的皇家park。

单词park的基本含义就是“围场”，即围起来的专用场地。古代贵族狩猎游玩的围场叫做park，现代面向公众开放的游玩场地也可以叫park，而围起来用来停车的场地也可以叫做park。所以park一词还可以用来表示“公园”或“停车场”。实际上，park一词还可以用来表示体育场、花园、炮场等各种“围起来的场地”，但用于表示“公园”和“停车场”最为常见。

park：[pɑːk] n.公园，停车场vt.停放vi.泊车，停车

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：park 词源，park 含义。

park：公园，园区，停车，泊车

来自中古法语parc,狩留场，来自Proto-Germanic*parrukaz,围栏，围场，来自PIE*spar,柱子，栅栏，词源同spear,spar.后用于指公园，花园。动词词义泊车来自军事术语，原指军事训练场或军用车辆存放调转地，后词义通用化。