panic的词源
英文词源
- panic
- panic: [17] Panic is etymologically ‘terror caused by the god Pan’. The ancient Greeks believed that he lurked in lonely spots, and would frighten people by suddenly appearing, or making noises. He was evidently invoked to account for alarming but harmless natural phenomena, and so the element of ‘irrationality’ in the English word was present from the beginning. English acquired it (originally as an adjective) via French panique and modern Latin pānicus from Greek pānikós ‘of Pan’.
=> pan - panic (v.)
- 1827, "to afflict with panic," from panic (n.). Intransitive sense of "to lose one's head, get into a panic" is from 1902. Related: Panicked; panicking.
- panic (n.1)
- "mass terror," 1708, from earlier adjective (c. 1600, modifying fear, terror, etc.), from French panique (15c.), from Greek panikon, literally "pertaining to Pan," the god of woods and fields, who was the source of mysterious sounds that caused contagious, groundless fear in herds and crowds, or in people in lonely spots.
In the sense of "panic, fright" the Greek word is short for panikon deima "panic fright," from neuter of Panikos "of Pan." Meaning "widespread apprehension about financial matters" is first recorded 1757. Panic button in figurative sense is first recorded 1955, the literal sense apparently is from parachuting. Panic attack attested by 1970. - panic (n.2)
- type of grass, early 15c., from Old French panic "Italian millet," from Latin panicum "panic grass, kind of millet," from panus "ear of millet, a swelling" (compare panocha).
中文词源
panic（恐慌）：希腊神话中令人惊恐的牧羊神潘Pan
希腊神话中有一个叫做潘（Pan）的牧羊神。他是掌管山林、田园和羊群的神。他长相奇特，上半身是人，下半身是羊，头顶还长着羊角。他和其它的森林之神及仙女在山林之间闲游，过着逍遥自在、无拘无束的生活。因此，英语习语a freedom of Pan表示“无拘无束、逍遥自在”的意思。
潘有一种奇特的本领，就是吓唬人。他常常躲在隐蔽处，蓦地跳出，用丑陋地面目把旅行者吓得魂不附体。他还会发出怪异的叫声，令人感到毛骨悚然，胆战心惊。这种恐惧感就称为“潘神之惧”（Panic fear）。传说希波战争中，希腊人在马拉松战役中取得胜利就是因为潘神把波斯军队吓得惶恐而逃的。
英语单词panic就源自“潘神之惧”，原本是个形容词，后来逐渐变成名词和动词。
panic：['pænɪk] n.恐慌、惊慌vt.使恐慌vi.感到恐慌adj.恐慌的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：panic 词源，panic 含义。
希腊神话中的山林、畜牧神名叫Pan，一般音译作“潘”。Pan人身羊足，头上有角，居住在山林中，常躲在隐蔽处，蓦地跳出，把旅行者吓得魂不附体。他发出的怪异叫声使人产生一种突如其来、奠明其妙的恐惧感，尤其是在茫茫黑夜更令人毛骨悚然，胆战心惊。然而，Pan却被尊奉为牧人、猎人及牲畜的保护神，因为他从不伤害他们，而总是保护他们母关于Pan的传说很多。有一次，酒神狱俄尼索斯(Dionysus，即罗马神话中的Bacchus)率军东征和一支兵力大占优势的敌军遭遇，他按Pan的虚张声势之计，命士兵在深夜同时发出呐喊，山林的回声犹如千军万马，使敌军误眦为深陷重围，遂仓皇逃窜。Pan在雅典备受敬奉，希腊人把公元前490年的马拉橙一仗的胜利归功于Pan，认为是Pan使波斯侵略军惶恐而逃的。
panic 一词实源于Pan．17世纪借自法语paniqueo最初只用作形容词，字面义是“Pan引起的恐惧”(fear caused bythe god Pan)，如panic fear（极度的恐惧），但如今多作名词或动词用，表示“恐慌”或“惊慌”。
来自Pan,潘神，牧羊神，-ic,形容词后缀。因传说中潘神样貌无比丑陋或因潘神可以发出一种无比恐怖的声音而引申词义恐慌，吓人。
