pan的词源
英文词源
- pan
- pan: [OE] Pan is a general West Germanic word, with relatives in German (pfanne) and Dutch (pan), and also, by borrowing, in Swedish (panna) and Danish (pande). It may have been borrowed into Germanic from Latin patina ‘dish’ (source of English paten [13] and patina [18]), which itself went back to Greek patánē ‘plate, dish’.
The verbal use pan out ‘turn out, succeed’ is an allusion to the getting of a result when ‘panning’ for gold – washing gold-bearing gravel, silt, etc in a shallow pan to separate out the metal. (Pan ‘move a camera’ [20], incidentally, is a different word altogether. It is an abbreviation of panorama.)
=> paten, patina; panorama - pan (n.)
- Old English panne, earlier ponne (Mercian) "pan," from Proto-Germanic *panna "pan" (cognates: Old Norse panna, Old Frisian panne, Middle Dutch panne, Dutch pan, Old Low German panna, Old High German phanna, German pfanne), probably an early borrowing (4c. or 5c.) from Vulgar Latin *patna, from Latin patina "shallow pan, dish, stewpan," from Greek patane "plate, dish," from PIE *pet-ano-, from root *pete- "to spread" (see pace (n.)). Irish panna probably is from English, and Lithuanian pana is from German.
Used of pan-shaped parts of mechanical apparatus from c. 1590; hence flash in the pan, a figurative use from early firearms, where a pan held the priming (and the gunpowder might "flash," but no shot ensue). To go out of the (frying) pan into the fire is first found in Spenser (1596). - pan (v.2)
- "follow with a camera," 1913 shortening of panoramic in panoramic camera (1878). Meaning "to swing from one object to another in a scene" is from 1931. Related: Panned; panning.
- Pan
- Arcadian shepherd god with upper body of a man and horns and lower part like a goat, late 14c., a god of the woods and fields, from Latin, from Greek Pan. Klein says perhaps cognate with Sanskrit pusan, a Vedic god, guardian and multiplier of cattle and other human possessions, literally "nourisher." Similarity to pan "all" (see pan-) led to his being regarded as a personification of nature. Pan-pipe, upon which he supposedly played, is attested from 1820.
- pan (v.1)
- "to wash gravel or sand in a pan in search of gold," 1839, from pan (n.); thus to pan out "turn out, succeed" (1868) is a figurative use of this (literal sense from 1849). The meaning "criticize severely" is from 1911, probably from the notion in contemporary slang expressions such as on the pan "under reprimand or criticism" (1923). Related: Panned; panning.
中文词源
pan：平底锅，盘子
来源于拉丁语patina(盘,碟)
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：pan 词源，pan 含义。
pan：平底锅，秤盘，淘金，严厉批评
来自古英语panne,锅，盘，可能来自PIE*pete,展开，词源同feather,patella.后引申动词词义淘金，即用锅洗砂子淘金，并用于俚语严厉批评。字母t脱落，比较fain,来自古英语fagen.
来自希腊语Pan,古希腊神话人头羊角羊身的山林和畜牧之神，可能来自pan,全部的，所有的， 即自然的化身。
潘（Pan）是希腊神话中的森林之神。人身羊足，头上有角，半人半兽半神，住在山林中保护牧人和猎人。他爱好音乐，创制排箫（syrinx），常常领山林女神舞蹈，可是因为他的丑相而不敢露面，一旦人们看到了他半人半兽的长相后都十分恐惧，所以，panic也就是“惊慌，恐慌”的意思了。
潘成年后爱上了水泽女神绪任克斯（Syrinx），可潘的怪相吓坏了绪任克斯，她吓得一直跑到河边，纵身跳进河里，变成了一棵芦苇。潘伤心地将这棵芦苇削成一支笛子，并给它起名为 syrinx （绪任克斯）。因此，在英语中，syrinx指潘“神萧、 排萧”，后来，潘以善吹箫闻名。
Pan：丑陋吓人的牧神潘
希腊神话中有一个叫做潘（Pan）的牧神，掌管山林、田园和羊群。他长相奇特，上半身是人，下半身是羊，头顶还长着羊角。据说，他刚出生时，母亲看见他这副怪模样，吓得大叫一声就逃走了。神使赫尔墨斯收养了他，还经常带他到诸神所在的奥林巴斯山上玩。潘虽然长得丑陋，但性格很好，诸神都很喜欢他，因而得名为Pan，在希腊语中就是“所有”的意思。他和其它的森林之神及仙女在山林之间闲游，过着逍遥自在、无拘无束的生活。因此，英语习语a freedom of Pan表示“无拘无束、逍遥自在”的意思。
潘神喜欢搞恶作剧。他常常躲在隐蔽处，蓦地跳出，用丑陋的面目把路人吓得魂不附体。他还会发出怪异的叫声，令人感到毛骨悚然，胆战心惊。这种恐惧感就称为“潘神之惧”（Panic fear）。传说希波战争中，希腊人在马拉松战役中取得胜利就是因为潘神把波斯军队吓得惶恐而逃的。英语单词panic就源自“潘神之惧”，原本是个形容词，后来逐渐变成名词和动词。
在罗马神话中，与潘神对应的有两位神祇，一位叫做法乌努斯（Faunus），一位叫做希尔瓦努斯（Sylvanus），他们都掌管农林畜牧。与法乌努斯（Faunus）同源的英语单词有fauna（动物区系），与希尔瓦努斯（Sylvanus）同源的英语单词有sylvan（森林的）、savage（野人，森林里的人）
panic：['pænɪk] n.恐慌、惊慌vt.使恐慌vi.感到恐慌adj.恐慌的
fauna：['fɔːnə] n.某区域的动物群，动物区系
sylvan：['sɪlv(ə)n] adj.森林的，农村的
savage：['sævɪdʒ] n.野人，未开化的人adj.野蛮的，残酷的，荒凉的
