ostracism的词源
英文词源
- ostracism
- ostracism: [16] In ancient Greece, when it was proposed that a particular person should be sent into exile for a period, because he was becoming a danger to the state, a democratic vote was taken on the matter. The method of registering one’s vote was to inscribe the name of the prospective banishee on a piece of broken pottery. The pieces were counted, and if enough votes were cast against him away he would go for ten years.
The fragment of pottery was called an óstrakon, a word related to Greek ostéon ‘bone’ (source of the English prefix osteo-) and óstreon ‘oyster’ (source of English oyster). To cast such a vote was therefore ostrakízein (whence English ostracize [17]), and the abstract now derived from this was ostrakismós, source of English ostracism.
- ostracism (n.)
- 1580s, a method of 10-year banishment in ancient Athens, by which the citizens gathered and each wrote on a potsherd or tile the name of a man they deemed dangerous to the liberties of the people, and a man whose name turned up often enough was sent away. From Middle French ostracisme (16c.), Modern Latin ostracismus, or directly from Greek ostrakismos, from ostrakizein "to ostracize," from ostrakon "tile, potsherd," from PIE *ost-r-, from root *ost- "bone" (see osseous). The Greek word is related to osteon "bone," ostreion "oyster" (and cognate with German Estrich "pavement," which is from Medieval Latin astracus "pavement," ultimately from Greek ostrakon).
A similar practice in ancient Syracuse (with banishment for five years) was by writing names on olive leaves, and thus was called petalismos.
中文词源
来自拉丁语ostracismus,排斥，驱逐，来自希腊语ostrakon,骨片，瓦片，贝壳，来自PIE*ost,骨头，词源同oyster,osseous.来自古希腊某时期雅典城邦每年举行一次的民意调查，民众将他们认为的应该被驱逐的人的名字写在瓦片或贝壳片上，得票最多的人将被驱逐出雅典城而外流浪10年。某种程度上体现了一种民主的暴力。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：ostracism 词源，ostracism 含义。
