orchestra的词源
英文词源
- orchestra
- orchestra: [17] In ancient Greece, the term orkhéstrā denoted a ‘semicircular space at the front of a theatre stage, in which the chorus danced’ (it was a derivative of the verb orkheisthai ‘dance’). English originally took it over (via Latin orchēstra) in this historical sense, but in the early 18th century orchestra began to be used for the ‘part of a theatre where the musicians played’, and hence by extension for the ‘group of musicians’ itself. The derivative orchestrate [19] was adapted from French orchestrer.
- orchestra (n.)
- c. 1600, "area in an ancient theater for the chorus," from Latin orchestra, from Greek orkhestra, semicircular space where the chorus of dancers performed, with suffix -tra denoting place + orkheisthai "to dance," intensive of erkhesthai "to go, come," from PIE root *ergh- "to mount" (cognates: Sanskrit rghayati "trembles, rages, raves," rnoti "rises, moves," arnah "welling stream;" Old Persian rasatiy "he comes;" Greek ornynai "to rouse, start;" Latin oriri "to rise," origo "a beginning;" Gothic rinnan, Old English irnan "to flow, run"). In ancient Rome, it referred to the place in the theater reserved for senators and other dignitaries. Meaning "group of musicians performing at a concert, opera, etc." first recorded 1720; "part of theater in front of the stage" is from 1768.
中文词源
orchestra（管弦乐队）：古希腊剧场中歌舞队所在位置
英语单词orchestra通常被译为“管弦乐队”，然而这个单词中既没有“管”、也没有“弦”，也没有“乐队”。实际上，它的本意不是表示一群人，而是表示这一群人所处的位置。它来自希腊语orkhestra，由orkheisthai（舞蹈）+tra（地点）构成，指的是古希腊剧场中歌舞队所在位置。在古罗马时期，该词指的是剧场前排为议员及其他高官保留的位置。后来，剧场从露天的变成了室内的，歌舞队变成了乐队，orchestra也随之变为表示剧场中乐队所在位置。直到18世纪后，该词才被用来表示在该位置演奏的乐队。由于在剧场中演出的一般是管弦乐队，所以中文译为“管弦乐队”。
orchestra：['ɔːkɪstrə] n.管弦乐队，乐队演奏处，剧场前排座位
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：orchestra 词源，orchestra 含义。
这个词在希腊语中原写为orkestra，指古希腊露天剧场开始从“露天”搬到“室内”，英国人把室内剧场正厅的全部前排座位叫作orchestra.而法国人则把这些位置安排给乐师们。今天，英语的orchestra既有“乐池”、“管弦乐队”、“管弦乐”一层意思，又有“剧场前排高级座位”之义。
来自拉丁语orchestra,管弦乐，来自希腊语erkhesthai,起来，起舞，来自PIE*ergh,升起，上升，词源同origin,orient.比喻用法。
