novel的词源

英文词源

novel

novel: English has acquired the word novel in several distinct instalments. First to arrive was the adjective, ‘new’ [15], which came via Old French from Latin novellus, a derivative of novus ‘new’ (to which English new is distantly related). (The Old French derived noun novelte had already reached English as novelty [14].) Next on the scene was a now obsolete noun novel ‘new thing, novelty’ [15], which went back to Latin novella, a noun use of the neuter plural of novellus.

In Italian, novellus became novello, and this was used in storia novella, literally ‘new story’, a term which denoted ‘short story’. English adopted this as a third novel [16], at first referring specifically to Italian short stories of the type written by Boccaccio, but by the mid- 17th century being extended to a longer ‘prose narrative’ (the original Italian novella was reborrowed in the early 20th century for a ‘short novel’).

English is also indebted to Latin novus for nova [19] (etymologically a ‘new star’) and novice [14].

novel (adj.)

"new, strange, unusual," early 15c., but little used before 1600, from Old French novel, nouvel "new, young, fresh, recent; additional; early, soon" (Modern French nouveau, fem. nouvelle), from Latin novellus "new, young, recent," diminutive of novus "new" (see new).

novel (n.)

"fictitious narrative," 1560s, from Italian novella "short story," originally "new story," from Latin novella "new things" (source of Middle French novelle, French nouvelle), neuter plural or fem. of novellus (see novel (adj.)). Originally "one of the tales or short stories in a collection" (especially Boccaccio's), later (1630s) "long work of fiction," works which had before that been called romances.

A novel is like a violin bow; the box which gives off the sounds is the soul of the reader. [Stendhal, "Life of Henri Brulard"]

中文词源

novel：小说

来自拉丁语novus,新的，词源同new,-el,小词后缀。引申词义新事物，新故事，后特别用于指一种文学体裁，即小故事，小说（长篇小说）。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：novel 词源，novel 含义。

novel：小说

查一下字典，你就会发现，novel除了作“小说”解以外，还可作“新的”、“新奇的”解，而novel的字面含义正是这样，它是从拉丁语的novella演变过来的，意思是“新的东西”。

novel：小说，长篇故事

来源于拉丁语中novus(新)派生的novellus(新)。

词根词缀： -nov-新 + -el名词词尾

同源词：neophyte, neo-, new

novel：小说；新奇的

拉丁词根nov-表示新的，与日耳曼词源的new和希腊词根neo-同源，后缀-el指小，novel可以理解为“新的（nov-）短篇（后缀-el）故事”。novel之前，情节虚构、年代久远、描写骑士与贵妇之爱为主题的romance浪漫小说占主导，与之相对，novel则写实、时事。

novel（小说、新奇的）：新奇的事物

在西方文学史上，所谓小说原来是用表示“虚构故事”的英语单词fiction来表示的，其中的词根fict表示“编造”和“虚构”之意。人们普遍认为西方小说最早源自古希腊、古罗马的神话传说和荷马史诗故事。这些传说和故事的主要特点就是以虚构为主，演绎神奇荒诞故事，所以单词fiction很好地表现了它们的“虚构性”这一特点。随后出现的是欧洲中世纪的骑士传奇，依然以虚构为主。

西方小说真正形成的标志是文艺复兴时期意大利的薄伽丘的《十日谈》。它不再停留于虚构故事，而是概括现实、塑造人物、刻画心理、描给自然，力求把故事写得真实确切、有凭有据。到17世纪初，西班牙的伟大作家塞万提斯的《堂吉诃德》进一步拉近了小说与现实的距离。到了18世纪初，被称为“欧洲小说之父”的英国小说家笛福的《鲁滨孙漂流记》就是以一个真实故事为根据写出的。

小说与现实生活的关系日益密切，从而在18世纪后期催生了小说的另一个名称“novel”。这个单词来自拉丁语novella，意思是“新奇的东西”。也就是说，这时候的小说（novel），可以是fiction，如science-fiction（科幻小说），也可以是non-fiction（纪实文学），只要是新奇有趣的即可。

novel：[ˈnɑːvl] n.小说adj.新奇的

novelty：['nɑvlti] n.新奇，新奇的事物