muscle的词源
英文词源
- muscle
- muscle: [16] Ultimately, muscle and mussel [OE] are the same word, and both owe their origin to a supposed resemblance to a mouse. They go back to Latin mūsculus, literally ‘little mouse’, a diminutive form of mūs ‘mouse’, which was applied to the shellfish because of a similarity in shape and colour, and to ‘muscle’ because the shape and movement of certain muscles beneath the skin, such as the biceps, reminded people of a mouse.
Latin mūsculus ‘mussel’ was borrowed into Old English as muscle or muxle; the -ssspelling began to emerge in the 15th century, inspired by Middle Low German mussel (which came from *muscula, a Vulgar Latin feminization of Latin mūsculus and source of French moule ‘mussel’) and reinforced in the 16th century by the introduction via Old French of muscle for ‘muscle’.
The notion of resemblance to a mouse also lies behind English musk.
=> mouse, mussel - muscle (n.)
- late 14c., from Middle French muscle "muscle, sinew" (14c.) and directly from Latin musculus "a muscle," literally "little mouse," diminutive of mus "mouse" (see mouse (n.)).
So called because the shape and movement of some muscles (notably biceps) were thought to resemble mice. The analogy was made in Greek, too, where mys is both "mouse" and "muscle," and its comb. form gives the medical prefix myo-. Compare also Old Church Slavonic mysi "mouse," mysica "arm;" German Maus "mouse; muscle," Arabic 'adalah "muscle," 'adal "field mouse." In Middle English, lacerte, from the Latin word for "lizard," also was used as a word for a muscle.
Musclez & lacertez bene one selfe þing, Bot þe muscle is said to þe fourme of mouse & lacert to þe fourme of a lizard. [Guy de Chauliac, "Grande Chirurgie," c. 1425]
Hence muscular and mousy are relatives, and a Middle English word for "muscular" was lacertous, "lizardy." Figurative sense of "force, violence, threat of violence" is 1930, American English. Muscle car "hot rod" is from 1969. - muscle (v.)
- 1913, "to accomplish by strength," from muscle (n.). Related: Muscled; muscling. To muscle in is 1929 in underworld slang.
中文词源
muscle（肌肉）：像“小老鼠”一样的肌肉
大家有没有发现英语单词muscle（肌肉）和mouse（老鼠）长得有点像？其实这两个单词还真有渊源。英语单词muscle来自拉丁语musculus，是mus（老鼠）的指小形式，其实就是“小老鼠”的意思。之所以有这种说法是因为古罗马人觉得人体中的肌肉很像一只一只小老鼠。无独有偶，希腊语和德语中，“肌肉”和“老鼠”就是同一个词，阿拉伯语中的“肌肉”和“老鼠”的拼写也很接近。
muscle：['mʌs(ə)l] n.肌肉vt.加强，使劲搬动，使劲挤出vi.使劲行进
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：muscle 词源，muscle 含义。
来自拉丁语musculus,小老鼠，肌肉，来自mus,老鼠，词源同mouse,-cul,小词后缀。因古人认为鼓起的肌肉形如跳跃的小老鼠而得名。
当一个人，特别是肌肉发达的人，把肌肉绷紧而后放松的时候，在富于想象者的眼里，肌肉就宛如小老鼠在人的身上上下爬动。古罗马人就是这样联想的。意指“肌肉”的muscle一词源于拉丁语musculus，而musculus则是拉丁语mus（老鼠）的指小词形式，有“小老鼠”的意思。今天在用muscle这个词时，恐怕很少有人知道该词原来还有这一种含义。另有一个英语单词mussel（淡菜）也源自意为“小老鼠”的拉丁词musculus，那是因为它在形状和颜色上同小老鼠有几分相似的缘故。
词根mus表“老鼠”，和mouse（老鼠）同源；-cle是指小后缀，如article（文章），icicle（冰柱），particle（微粒），vehicle（车辆）等；所以它的本义是“小老鼠”，是对人们身体上肌肉的形状的模仿。
