municipal的词源
英文词源
- municipal
- municipal: [16] Latin mūnus meant ‘office, duty, gift’. Combined with -ceps ‘taker’ (a derivative of the verb capere ‘take’, source of English capture) it formed mūniceps, which denoted a ‘citizen of a Roman city (known as a mūnicipium) whose inhabitants had Roman citizenship but could not be magistrates’. From mūnicipium was derived the adjective mūnicipālis, source of English municipal; this was originally used for ‘of the internal affairs of a state, domestic’, and the modern application to the sphere of local government did not emerge strongly until the 19th century.
The stem of Latin mūnus also crops up in commūnis (source of English common), and so community and municipality are etymologically related. Mūnus in the later sense ‘gift’ formed the basis of the Latin adjective mūnificus ‘giving gifts’, hence ‘generous’, from which ultimately English gets munificent [16].
=> capture, common - municipal (adj.)
- 1540s, from Middle French municipal, from Latin municipalis "of a citizen of a free town, of a free town," also "of a petty town, provincial," from municipium "free town, city whose citizens have the privileges of Roman citizens but are governed by their own laws," from municeps "citizen, inhabitant of a free town." Second element is root of capere "assume, take" (see capable). First element is from munus (plural munia) "service performed for the community, duty, work," also "public spectacle paid for by the magistrate, (gladiatorial) entertainment, gift," from Old Latin moenus "service, duty, burden," from PIE *moi-n-es-, generally taken as a suffixed form of root *mei- (1) "to change, go, move" (Watkins; see mutable); but Tucker says "more probably" from the other PIE root
*mei- meaning "bind," so that munia = "obligations" and communis = "bound together."
中文词源
词根词缀： -mun-防御,公共 + -cip-拿 + -al形容词词尾
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：municipal 词源，municipal 含义。
来自拉丁语municeps,市民，自治镇公民，来自munus,共同职责，共同责任，相互给予，礼 物，来自PIE*mei,交换，改变，词源同common,mutual.-cep,承担，词源同capable,accept.该 词原指古罗马时期享有罗马公民的特权但是按照自己的法律进行管理的特别自治镇。后词义 通用化，引申词义市政的，市政当局的。
