minister的词源

英文词源

minister

minister: [13] Etymologically, a minister is a person of ‘lower’ status, a ‘servant’. The word goes back via Old French ministre to Latin minister ‘servant, attendant’, which was derived from minus ‘less’. It retained this meaning when it arrived in English, and indeed it still survives in the verb minister. But already by the Middle Ages a specialized application to a ‘church functionary’ had developed, and in the 16th century this hardened into the present-day ‘clergyman’.

The political sense of the word developed in the 17th century, from the notion of a ‘servant’ of the crown. Derivatives from other languages to have established themselves in English include métier [18], which came via French from Vulgar Latin *misterium, an alteration of Latin ministerium ‘service’ (source of English ministry [14]), and minstrel.

And etymologically, minister is the antonym of master, whose Latin ancestor was based on magis ‘more’.
=> métier, minstrel, minus

minister (v.)

early 14c., "to perform religious rites, provide religious services;" mid-14c., "to serve (food or drink);" late 14c. "render service or aid," from Old French menistrer "to serve, be of service, administer, attend, wait on," and directly from Latin ministrare "to serve, attend, wait upon" (see minister (n.)). Related: Ministered; ministering.

minister (n.)

c. 1300, "one who acts upon the authority of another," from Old French menistre "servant, valet, member of a household staff, administrator, musician, minstrel" (12c.), from Latin minister (genitive ministri) "inferior, servant, priest's assistant" (in Medieval Latin, "priest"), from minus, minor "less," hence "subordinate," (see minus) + comparative suffix *-teros. Formed on model of magister. Meaning "priest" is attested in English from early 14c. Political sense of "high officer of the state" is attested from 1620s, from notion of "service to the crown."

中文词源

minister（部长）：自称“小人”的大臣

在中国历史上，再大的官见了皇帝也得自称“奴才”、“小的”。西方也一样，大臣在国王面前自称minister。mini表示“小”，如miniskirt（迷你裙）；后缀ster表示“人”，所以minister其实就是“小人”的意思。因此，在英语中，minister就逐渐变成了对辅助国王的大臣的称谓。虽然后来英国实行了君主立宪制，但minister的称呼并没有变化，只是翻译时一般翻成“部长”而不是“大臣”。prime minister就是首相、总理。

minister作为动词时，表示“辅助、伺候”。单词administer、administrate跟minister同源，前面的ad是表示“to”的希腊语。所以这两个单词虽然也表示“管理”的意思，但跟management还是有所区别，一般翻译为“行政管理”，说白了就是辅助主人料理日常事务的，跟“管家”有点接近。而management中的manage本意是“驾驭马”，含有“想方设法控制、操纵，努力实现”的意思。

minister：['mɪnɪstə]n.部长，大臣，牧师vi.执行牧师之物，辅助或伺候某人

ministry：['mɪnɪstrɪ]n.政府部门

administer：[əd'mɪnɪstə]v.管理，治理，实施

administrate：[əd'mɪnɪstreɪt]v.管理，经营，实施

administration：[ədmɪnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n]n.管理，行政，实施，行政机构

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：minister 词源，minister 含义。

minister：部长，大臣

来自古法语menistre,仆人，奴才，管家，臣子，来自拉丁语minister,仆人，下属，下等人，来自minus,下等的，次等的，-ter,比较级后缀。后用于指现代政府的部长，大臣。比较marshall.

minister：部长，大臣

来自古法语menistre,仆人，奴才，管家，臣子，来自拉丁语minister,仆人，下属，下等人，来自minus,下等的，次等的，-ter,比较级后缀。后用于指现代政府的部长，大臣。比较marshall.

minister：部长，大臣；公使，外交使节；牧师

词根词缀： -mini-小 + -ster名词词尾,人 → 大臣在君王面前是小人、奴才