mausoleum的词源

英文词源

mausoleumyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
mausoleum: [16] The original mausoleum was a vast marble tomb (one of the seven wonders of the ancient world) erected in 353 BC for Mausolus, king of Caria in Asia Minor by his widow Artemisia. Its architect was Pythius, and its site was at Halicarnassus (now Bodrum in Turkey). Its Greek name was mausōleion, and it passed into English as a generic term for a ‘large tomb’ via Latin mausōlēum.
mausoleum (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"magnificent tomb," 1540s, from Latin mausoleum, from Greek Mausoleion, name of the massive marble tomb built 353 B.C.E. at Halicarnassus (Greek city in Asia Minor) for Mausolos, Persian satrap who made himself king of Caria. It was built by his wife (and sister), Artemisia. Counted among the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, it was destroyed by an earthquake in the Middle Ages. General sense of "any stately burial-place" is from c. 1600.

中文词源

mausoleum:陵墓,大型陵寝

来自希腊语Mausoleion,大型坟墓,来自Mausolos,小亚细亚古国Caria国王,在他死后,其王后Artemisia为他修建了大型的陵寝,并被评为古代世界七大奇迹之一,其名字就成为大型陵墓的代称。但其遗址不幸毁于公元三世纪的一次地震。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:mausoleum 词源,mausoleum 含义。

mausoleum:陵墓

纪元前353年小亚细亚西南部卡里亚(Caria)王国的僭主Mausolus去世时,王后Artemisia悲恸欲绝。在国王遗体火化后,她用水拌和骨灰含泪饮下。随后,为纪念国王她大兴土木,按国王生前的设计在首都哈利卡纳苏斯( Halicarnassus,即今土耳其Bodrum)建造了一座规模宏大的陵墓。据史书记载,该陵墓用大理石建造,高约135英尺,七部呈金字塔形,四周为36根柱子的柱廊,柱子之间塑有巨大雕像,其中包括国王和王后的雕像,并且饰有各种珍奇艺术品。这座精心建造的壮观陵墓被誉为古代世界七大奇观之一,与埃及金宇塔、巴比伦空中花园等齐名。可惜的是,它在世间存在了近一千几百年,于1375年一次强烈地震中塌陷了。15世纪占领哈利卡纳苏斯的十字军将多数石料移用于城堡的建造。到了1 9世纪中朔,英国考古学家查尔斯·牛顿爵士(Sir CharlfSNewton)对这一历史文物进行了发掘,掘出了国王及王后等人的塑像。他把这些文物献给了大英博物馆,至今仍然陈列在那里。

古希腊人照国王的名字Mausolus将该陵墓命名为Mausoleion,嗣后古罗马人称之为Mausoleum。英语拼写即取自于后者。今天mausoleum 一词用以表示广义的巨大宏伟的陵墓,如列宁陵墓( the Lenin Mausoleum),中山陵(Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum).

mausoleum:陵墓

公元前353年,爱琴海附近的一个古国Caria的国王Mausolus驾崩,王后Artemisia悲痛欲绝,将国王的骨灰用水搅拌,一饮而尽。为了让国王永远活在她心中,她在Halicarnassus城中兴建了一座宏伟壮观的陵墓。后来希腊人便用国王的名字称这座陵墓为mausoleion.罗马人借用了这个词,改写作mausoleum.英国人照搬了罗马人的写法,用来泛指宏伟庞大的陵墓。

现在这个词还可用来指“大而阴森的房屋”。