marathon的词源

英文词源

marathon

marathon: [19] According to tradition, when the Greek army defeated the Persians at Marathon, on the northeast coast of Attica, in 490 BC, the runner Pheidippides was dispatched to bring the good news to Athens (in fact there is no contemporary evidence for the story, which is not recorded until 700 years after the event). When the modern Olympic Games were first held, in Athens in 1896, a long-distance race was introduced to commemorate the ancient feat, run over a course supposedly equal in distance to that from Marathon to Athens (about 35 km/22 miles).

The present distance (42.195 km/26 miles 385 yards) was established at the 1908 London Olympics (the odd yards were added to bring the finishing line in front of the royal box).

marathon (n.)

1896, marathon race, from story of Greek hero Pheidippides, who in 490 B.C.E. ran the 26 miles and 385 yards to Athens from the Plains of Marathon to tell of the allied Greek victory there over Persian army. The original story (Herodotus) is that he ran from Athens to Sparta to seek aid, which arrived too late to participate in the battle. Introduced as an athletic event in the 1896 revival of the Olympic Games, based on a later, less likely story, and quickly extended to mean "any very long event or activity." The place name is literally "fennel-field." Related: Marathoner (by 1912).

中文词源

marathon（马拉松赛跑）：希波战争马拉松战役所在地

公元前490年，波斯帝国皇帝大流士率领入侵希腊，逼近雅典。雅典军队1万人和前来支援的1千普加提亚士兵组成联军迎战波斯的三万军队。双方在雅典城东北六十公里外的马拉松（Marathon）平原展开激战。希腊战士为保卫祖国自由的热情所鼓舞，奋起抗击波斯军队，最终以少胜多，击败了波斯军队，迫使波斯军队逃回亚洲。

因为这场惊心动魄的战斗关系着雅典人民以至全希腊的生死存亡，所以当激烈交战时，雅典人都自动地汇集在雅典城的中央广场，翘首等待马拉松前线的信息。前线统帅米太雅得为了尽快让大家听到胜利喜讯，派出了长跑能手斐力庇第斯跑回雅典报信。斐力庇第斯已经受了伤，但他毅然接受了任务。当斐力庇第斯满身血迹、精疲力尽地出现在雅典人民面前时，他激动地高喊了一声：“欢乐吧，我们胜利了！”便倒地牺牲了。人们为了纪念他，在奥林匹克体育运动会上，规定了一项马拉松长跑竞赛项目，并把战场至雅典的距离42195米定为马拉松竞赛的长度。

marathon：['mærəθ(ə)n] n.马拉松赛跑，耐力的考验adj.马拉松式的，有耐力的vi.参加马拉松赛跑

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：marathon 词源，marathon 含义。

marathon：马拉松

来自古希腊地名Marathon,字面意思为茴香，即长满茴香的土地。来自公元前490年，在Battle of Marathon战役中，希腊联军打败了波斯军队，战士Pheidippides从Marathon一路不停奔跑将这一喜迅传达给雅典，最后力竭而死。其路程约为42.195公里，后为纪念他，在1896年首次在雅典举行的奥林匹克运动会上设置了这一比赛项目，即marathon race.

marathon：马拉松　　

Marathon原指位于雅典附近，阿提卡(Attica)东北部的—个平原。公元前490年9月波斯首次进犯希腊，雅典军队由米太亚得( Miltiades)指挥在Marathon奇迹般地大败兵力较之强得多的波斯侵略军。有位名叫菲迪辟( Pheidippides)的传令兵从Marathon不停顿地跑到雅典报捷后随即倒地身亡。为了纪念这一事迹，1896年近代第一届奥林匹克运动会在雅典举行之际，法国语言学家布雷阿鲁提议由Marathon古战场跑到雅典古竞技场，用过个距离作为一个竞赛项目，并将之定名为marathon，汉语音译为“马拉松”。获得此次marathon赛冠军的恰巧也是个希腊人。marathon赛程在1924年第八届奥运会上由国际田径联合会定为42195米，即26英里385码。在现代英语中marathon 一词已不再限于指长跑，游泳、滑冰等的长距离比赛均可用marathon表示。

　　此外，人们还按类比构词法仿照marathon造出telethon（马拉松式电视广播节目），talkathon（马拉松式答话或座谈节目）等新词。