magistrate的词源
英文词源
- magistrate
- magistrate: [14] By far the most widely used contributions of Latin magister ‘master’ to English are the heavily disguised master and mister, but more obvious derivatives have made the trip too. The late Latin adjective magisterius ‘of a master’, modified through medieval Latin magisteriālis, has given us magisterial [17]; and magistrātus, source of English magistrate, denoted a ‘state official’ in ancient Rome.
=> master, mister - magistrate (n.)
- late 14c., "civil officer in charge of administering laws," from Old French magistrat, from Latin magistratus "a magistrate, public functionary," originally "magisterial rank or office," from magistrare "serve as a magistrate," from magister "chief, director" (see master). Related: Magistracy.
中文词源
英语单词magistrate来自拉丁语magistratus（官吏）和magister（首领、指导者），与master同源，指的是古罗马政府中的行政官员，与它相对的是长老院中的议员、军队中的将领等。magistrate即可以表示中央政府中的高级官员，也可以表示地方政府中的高级官员。在古罗马共和国时期，magistrate由选举选出，可以分成“正规长官”与“特殊长官”两类，握有行政和司法权力。正规长官包括执政官、监察官、保民官、财务官、市政官、裁判官等，除监察官外任期一年。通常分别选出至少两位正规长官，以防范一人权力过大。特殊长官包括独裁官、骑士统领、十人委员会等，仅在特别情况下才选出，而且不必与一位同僚共同获选。特殊长官握有的权力大于正规长官。
现在，magistrate一般用来表示掌管司法的文职官员，尤其是负责审理小型案件的低级别法官，通常翻译为“地方法官”或“治安推事”。
magistrate：['mædʒistreit] n.地方法官，治安推事，文职官员
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：magistrate 词源，magistrate 含义。
来自拉丁语magister,行政长官，首长，来自PIE*meg,巨大的，威严的，词源同magnate,master.
来源于拉丁语名词magister, -tri, m(领导,主人)。
同源词： miss, mister, master, mistress
