magic的词源
英文词源
- magic
- magic: [14] Greek mágos, a word of Persian origin, meant ‘sorcerer’ (Latin borrowed it as magus, whose plural magi is used in English for the three ‘Wise Men’ who visited the infant Christ). From mágos was derived the adjective magikós. Its use in the phrase magiké tékhnē ‘sorcerer’s art’ led eventually to magiké itself being regarded as a noun, and it passed into English via late Latin magica and Old French magique.
=> magi - magic (n.)
- late 14c., "art of influencing events and producing marvels using hidden natural forces," from Old French magique "magic, magical," from Late Latin magice "sorcery, magic," from Greek magike (presumably with tekhne "art"), fem. of magikos "magical," from magos "one of the members of the learned and priestly class," from Old Persian magush, possibly from PIE *magh- (1) "to be able, to have power" (see machine). Transferred sense of "legerdemain, optical illusion, etc." is from 1811. Displaced Old English wiccecræft (see witch); also drycræft, from dry "magician," from Irish drui "priest, magician" (see druid).
- magic (adj.)
- late 14c., from Old French magique, from Latin magicus "magic, magical," from Greek magikos, from magike (see magic (n.)). Magic carpet first attested 1816. Magic Marker (1951) is a registered trademark (U.S.) by Speedry Products, Inc., Richmond Hill, N.Y. Magic lantern "optical instrument whereby a magnified image is thrown upon a wall or screen" is 1690s, from Modern Latin laterna magica.
- magic (v.)
- 1906, from magic (n.).
中文词源
magic（魔法）：古波斯帝国琐罗亚斯德教的祭司
琐罗亚斯德教是流行于古代波斯（今伊朗）及中亚等地的宗教，中国史称祆教、拜火教。琐罗亚斯德教是基督教诞生之前中东和西亚最有影响的宗教，古代波斯帝国的国教，其创始人为伊朗先知琐罗亚斯德（Zarathushtra，又译查拉图斯特拉）。该教认为阿胡拉·马兹达（意为“智慧之主”）是最高主神。马兹达创造了物质世界，也创造了火，即“无限的光明”，因此琐罗亚斯德教把拜火作为他们的神圣职责，也因此被称为“拜火教”。
琐罗亚斯德教的出现，对后来的犹太教、基督教、伊斯兰教，都有深远的影响。在基督教尚未成为罗马国教之前，罗马国内流行的摩尼教就是该教的一个分支。佛祖释迦牟尼悟道后招收的第一批弟子就有琐罗亚斯德教徒。
琐罗亚斯德教的祭司被称为Magi，意思是“哲人”、“贤人”、“知晓神的奥秘的人”。据《圣经》记载，耶稣出生时，几个Magi在东方看见伯利恒方向的天空上有一颗大星，于是便跟着它来到了耶稣基督的出生地，并给耶稣带来了礼物，这就是圣诞礼物的由来。美国著名文学家欧·亨利写的短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》（The Gift of the Magi）中，就用了这个典故。
英语单词magic（魔法）就源自Magi这一称呼，意思是“Magi的”。古希腊和古罗马人认为Magi拥有深奥秘密和超能力，所以就用magic来形容巫术、魔法等神奇的事情。
magic：['mædʒɪk]adj.不可思议的，神奇的，有魔力的，魔术的n.魔法，巫术，魔术
magician：[mə'dʒɪʃ(ə)n] n.魔术师，魔法师，巫师
magical：['mædʒɪk(ə)l] adj.魔术的，有魔力的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：magic 词源，magic 含义。
来自拉丁语magus,魔术师，巫师，智者，来自PIE*magh,使有能力，赋予力量，词源同machine,might.引申词义魔术，魔力。该词PIE*magh与PIE*gno(can,know)的区别在于前者的力量偏重于外人赋予，而后者的力量偏重于自身固有。
来源于希腊语magos(男巫),经拉丁语magica和古法语magique进入英语。
