lombard的词源

英文词源

Lombard (n.)

from Late Latin Langobardus, proper name of a Germanic people who conquered Italy 6c. and settled in the northern region that became known as Lombardy, from Proto-Germanic Langgobardoz, often said to mean literally "Long-beards," but perhaps rather from *lang- "tall, long" + the proper name of the people (Latin Bardi). Their name in Old English was Langbeardas (plural), but also Heaðobeardan, from heaðo "war."

In Middle English the word meant "banker, money-changer, pawnbroker" (late 14c.), from Old French Lombart "Lombard," also "money-changer; usurer; coward," from Italian Lombardo (from Medieval Latin Lombardus).

Lombards in Middle Ages were notable throughout Western Europe as bankers and money-lenders, also pawn-brokers; they established themselves in France from 13c., especially in Montpellier and Cahors, and London's Lombard Street (c. 1200) originally was the site of the houses of Lombard bankers. French also gave the word in this sense to Middle Dutch and Low German. Lombardy poplar, originally from Italy but planted in North American colonies as an ornamental tree, is attested from 1766.

中文词源

lombard（银行家）：精于放债的伦巴第人

伦巴第人（Lombard）是古代日耳曼人的一支，起源于今瑞典南部。公元1世纪时，他们从斯堪的纳维亚迁居于德国西北部。4世纪时，他们大规模向南迁徙。568年，伦巴第人联合其他日耳曼民族翻越阿尔卑斯山，侵入意大利北部。随后几年，他们陆续征服了意大利大部分领土，在意大利建立了伦巴第王国。现在意大利北部依然有一个州被称为Lombardy。法兰克国王查理曼大帝应罗马教皇的请求，进攻伦巴第王国，于773年攻陷伦巴第王国首都，捕获伦巴第国王，伦巴第人对意大利的统治宣告结束。

伦巴第人虽然失去了自己的国家，但他们却给欧洲留下了许多成就，尤其是在金融行业，以善于放债和经营典当铺而出名。在英国伦敦就有一条“伦巴第人大街”，居民大部分是伦巴第人，大多从事银行业和典当行，使这里逐渐成为英国各大银行的聚集地。因此，在英语中，伦巴第人的名字Lombard成为了“银行家、放债者”的代名词。“伦巴第人大街”成为英国金融界的代名词，相当于美国的“华尔街”。

lombard：['lɔmbəd; 'lʌm-] n.银行家，放债者，伦巴第人

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：lombard 词源，lombard 含义。