ketchup的词源
英文词源
- ketchup
- ketchup: [17] Ketchup is a Chinese word in origin. In the Amoy dialect of southeastern China, kôechiap means ‘brine of fish’. It was acquired by English, probably via Malay kichap, towards the end of the 17th century, when it was usually spelled catchup (the New Dictionary of the Canting Crew 1690 defines it as ‘a high East- India Sauce’). Shortly afterwards the spelling catsup came into vogue (Jonathan Swift is the first on record as using it, in 1730), and it remains the main form in American English. But in Britain ketchup has gradually established itself since the early 18th century.
- ketchup (n.)
- 1711, said to be from Malay kichap, but probably not original to Malay. It might have come from Chinese koechiap "brine of fish," which, if authentic, perhaps is from the Chinese community in northern Vietnam [Terrien de Lacouperie, in "Babylonian and Oriental Record," 1889, 1890]. Catsup (earlier catchup, 1680s) is a failed attempt at Englishing, still in use in U.S., influenced by cat and sup.
Originally a fish sauce, the word came to be used in English for a wide variety of spiced gravies and sauces; "Apicius Repivus; or, the Cook's Oracle," by William Kitchiner, London, 1817, devotes 7 pages to recipes for different types of catsup (his book has 1 spelling of ketchup, 72 of catsup), including walnut, mushroom, oyster, cockle and mussel, tomata, white (vinegar and anchovies figure in it), cucumber, and pudding catsup. Chambers's Encyclopaedia (1870) lists mushroom, walnut, and tomato ketchup as "the three most esteemed kinds." Tomato ketchup emerged c. 1800 in U.S. and predominated from early 20c.
中文词源
ketchup（番茄酱）：用腌鱼和香料混合而成的调味品
英语单词ketchup（番茄酱）的拼写很不规则，显然是个外来词。很多人认为它来自中国的闽南话，是闽南话中“鲑汁”的意思，指的是一种用腌鱼和香料混合而成的类似酱油一样的调味品，在闽南语中念作ke-chiap。后来，这种调味品及其名称流传至马来群岛。英国人在马来群岛品尝到这种美味的调味品后，将其带回了欧洲，并根据其发音将其称呼为ketchup。
ketchup流传至欧洲后，欧洲人使用蘑菇、胡桃、小银鱼和牡蛎等各种不同原料来制作这种ketchup。在1873年，H.J. Heinz公司开始售卖用番茄制成的ketchup。也就是从那时开始，番茄成为了制作ketchup的主要原料。这就是为什么ketchup往往被翻译为“番茄酱”的原因。
ketchup：['ketʃəp; -ʌp] n.番茄酱
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：ketchup 词源，ketchup 含义。
词源有争议，通常认为来自马来语kicap,来自中国闽南语ke-chiap,鲑汁，一种鱼酱。后来传入欧洲以后配方多样化，并且番茄成为主要配料，因此词义演变为番茄酱。
