just的词源

英文词源

just

just: [14] Latin jūs originated in the terminology of religious cults, perhaps to begin with signifying something like ‘sacred formula’. By classical times, however, it denoted ‘right’, and particularly ‘legal right, law’, and it has provided English with a number of words connected with ‘rightness’ in general and with the process of law. The derived adjective jūstus has produced just and, by further derivation, justice [12] and justify [14].

The stem form jūr- has given injury, jury [14], objurgate [17], and perjury [14]. And combination with the element -dic- ‘say’ has produced judge, judicial, juridical, and jurisdiction. Not part of the same word family, however, is adjust [17], which comes ultimately from Vulgar Latin *adjuxtāre ‘put close to’, a compound verb based on Latin juxtā ‘close’ (whence English juxtaposition).
=> injury, judge, jury, objurgate, perjury

just (adj.)

late 14c., "righteous in the eyes of God; upright, equitable, impartial; justifiable, reasonable," from Old French juste "just, righteous; sincere" (12c.), from Latin iustus "upright, equitable," from ius "right," especially "legal right, law," from Old Latin ious, perhaps literally "sacred formula," a word peculiar to Latin (not general Italic) that originated in the religious cults, from PIE root *yewes- "law" (cognates: Avestan yaozda- "make ritually pure;" see jurist). The more mundane Latin law-word lex covered specific laws as opposed to the body of laws. The noun meaning "righteous person or persons" is from late 14c.

just (adv.)

"merely, barely," 1660s, from Middle English sense of "exactly, precisely, punctually" (c. 1400), from just (adj.), and paralleling the adverbial use of French juste. Just-so story first attested 1902 in Kipling, from the expression just so "exactly that, in that very way" (1751).

中文词源

just（公正的）：罗马神话中的正义女神朱斯提提亚

在古希腊神话里，主持正义和秩序的女神是忒弥斯（Themis），是天神乌拉诺斯和大地女神盖亚所生，十二泰坦神之一，宙斯的第二任妻子。在古罗马神话中，正义女神的名字叫做“朱斯提提亚”（Justitia）。正义女神朱斯提提亚的塑像经常出现在法院中。她的形象通常是身披白袍，双眼蒙布，左手提一秤，右手举一剑。白袍象征道德无瑕，刚直不阿；蒙眼代表理性判断，不受感官和人情影响；秤象征公平；剑表示严厉制裁。造像的背面往往刻有古罗马的法谚：“为实现正义，哪怕天崩地裂。”

从朱斯提提亚的名字Justitia中产生了词根just、jur（法律、正义）、just（公正的）等诸多与法律相关的词汇。

just： [dʒʌst]adj.公正的，公平的，合理的，正直的，正义的，正确的adv.只是，仅仅，刚刚，正好，恰好，实在

justice： ['dʒʌstɪs]n.正义，司法，法律制裁，法官，审判员

justify： ['dʒʌstɪfaɪ]vt.证明……是正确的，替……辩护vi.证明合法

jury： ['dʒʊərɪ]n.陪审团

injure： ['ɪndʒə]vt.伤害，损害。记：in表示否定，jure=just公正的，对人不公正就是损害他人

juridical： [dʒʊ'rɪdɪk(ə)l]adj.司法的，法院的，裁判的，

jurisdiction： [,dʒʊərɪs'dɪkʃ(ə)n]司法权，审判权，管辖权

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：just 词源，just 含义。

just：合法的，公平的，公正的

来自拉丁语iustus,公正的，正直的，来自ius,法律，权利，正义，来自古拉丁语ious,神圣的语言，来自PIE*yewes,法规，法则，词源同judge,jury.该词原为古代宗教仪式术语，宗教仪式有着固定的程序和规则，以及繁琐的礼节并向天，地，神起誓的固定用语，因此，引申出法律，发誓这两个主要词义。

just：刚刚，恰好，正要

来自just,公正的，正义的，引申词义准确的，精确的，最终引申副词词义仅仅，刚好，刚刚等。词义演变比较even,fair,very.

just：正好，恰好；仅仅，只是；刚才；简直

来源于拉丁语中由名词jus, jur.is, n(法律,公正)派生的形容词just.us, just.a, just.um(公平的,正义的)。

-just-法律,公正 → just