jail的词源
英文词源
- jail
- jail: [13] Etymologically, a jail is a ‘little cage’. The word comes ultimately from Vulgar Latin *gaviola, which was an alteration of an earlier *caveola, a diminutive form of Latin cavea ‘cage’ (source of English cage). It passed into English in two distinct versions: jail came via Old French jaiole; but the Old Northern French form of the word was gaiole, and this produced English gaol.
Until the 17th century gaol was pronounced with a hard /g/ sound, but then it gradually fell into line phonetically with jail. There has been a tendency for British English to use the spelling gaol, while American prefers jail, but there are now signs that jail is on the increase in Britain.
=> cage - jail (n.)
- late 13c., gayhol, from Old North French gaiole and Old French jaole, both meaning "a cage, prison," from Medieval Latin gabiola, from Late Latin caveola, diminutive of Latin cavea "cage, enclosure, stall, coop" (see cave (n.)). Both forms carried into Middle English; now pronounced "jail" however it is spelled. Persistence of Norman-derived gaol (preferred in Britain) is "chiefly due to statutory and official tradition" [OED].
- jail (v.)
- "to put in jail," c. 1600, from jail (n.). Related: Jailed; jailing.
中文词源
来自拉丁语caveola,笼子，词源同cage,cave.引申词义监狱。拼写比较nail,rule.
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：jail 词源，jail 含义。
源自通俗拉丁语( Vulgar Latin) cavea‘cage’（笼于）的指小形式caveola‘little cage’（小笼子）。它之所以有两种拼写形式jail与gaol是因为它们通过不同的渠道进入英语的，前者取道古法语jra如如，后者则取道诺曼法语gaicde。二百多年前一些英国方言将gaoL的首字母发成／g／，另一些方言则读作／d3／，最后后一种读音战胜了前一种读音，和jail的读音趋同r，但仍保留gaol这一形式日在现代英语中英国英语一般用gaol，而美国英语则多用jail。cage 一词亦源于同一拉丁词，故在意义上和jail有密切联系。cage除指“笼了”，和jail -样也可指“牢房”或“监狱”。实际上牢房就好比笼子，汉语就有“牢笼”的说怯。
