jade的词源
英文词源
- jade
- jade: English has two words jade, of which by far the commoner nowadays is the name of the green stone [18]. Despite the mineral’s close association with China and Japan, the term has no Oriental connections. It is of Latin origin, and started life in fact as a description of the stone’s medical applications. Latin īlia denoted the ‘sides of the lower torso’, the ‘flanks’, the part of the body where the kidneys are situated (English gets iliac [16] from it).
In Vulgar Latin this became *iliata, which passed into Spanish as ijada. Now it was thought in former times that jade could cure pain in the renal area, so the Spanish called it piedra de ijada, literally ‘stone of the flanks’. In due course this was reduced to simply ijada, which passed into English via French. (Jade’s alternative name, nephrite [18], is based on the same idea; it comes from Greek nephrós ‘kidney’.) English’s other word jade [14] now survives really only in its derivative adjective jaded ‘tired, sated’ [16].
It originally meant ‘worn-out horse’, and was later transferred metaphorically to ‘disreputable woman’. Its origins are not known.
=> iliac; jaded - jade (n.1)
- ornamental stone, 1721, earlier iada (1590s), from French le jade, error for earlier l'ejade, from Spanish piedra de (la) ijada (1560s), "stone of colic, pain in the side" (jade was thought to cure this), from Vulgar Latin *iliata, from Latin ilia (plural) "flanks, kidney area" (see ileum).
- jade (n.2)
- "worn-out horse," late 14c., "cart horse," of uncertain origin. Barnhart suggests a variant of yaid, yald "whore," literally "mare," from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse jalda "mare," from Finno-Ugric (compare Mordvin al'd'a "mare"). But OED finds the assumption of a Scandinavian connection "without reason." As a term of abuse for a woman, it dates from 1550s.
- jade (v.)
- "to weary, tire out, make dull," c. 1600, from jade (n.2). Related: Jaded; jading.
中文词源
来自法语le jade,来自西班牙语piedra de la ijada,冶疗肾病的玉石，来自piedra,石头，词源同petrify,ijada,回肠，肾部。据说这种石头可以治疗和缓解肾部疾病而得名。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：jade 词源，jade 含义。
词源不详。
在中世纪时西欧人中流传着宝石具有神奇的治病效用的迷信，其中玉被认为对治疗肾病特别有效。16世纪初，当西班牙人把玉从美洲带回时，他们就给它取名为piedra de ijada，其字面义是stone of the side（治肾病的石头），因为他们认为玉能治好肾痛。古法语吸收了这个名称，并把它缩略为ejade，以后l’ejade（l’为定冠词）演变为le jade（le为定冠词），就是说ejade的首字母脱落了，变成jade。到了18世纪jade进入了英语，也用以指“玉”。说来有趣，其近义词nephrite（软玉）源自意为“肾”的希腊语nephros，大概也是因为希腊人认为玉能治肾病的缘故吧。在辞书中我们还常见到一个释义为“老马”或“荡妇”的jade，那是出自不同词源的另一个词，可能源于某种北欧语。
据说jade这种玉石能治肚子痛。西班牙探险家们深信这一点，他们从美洲把这种珍贵的宝石带回他们的国家，并用西班牙语给它取了名字：piedra de ijada，意思是“治肚痛的石头”。古法语吸收了这个词，变为l'ejade；进入英语后写作jade.
