ink的词源
英文词源
- ink
- ink: [13] The Greeks had a method of painting which involved applying coloured wax to a surface and then fixing it with heat. The verb describing this process was egkaíein ‘burn in’, a compound of en- ‘in’ and kaíein ‘burn’, whose derivative egkaustikós is the ancestor of the term used for the technique in English – encaustic [17]. Another derivative, égkauston, was applied to the purple ink used by emperors in ancient times for signing documents.
As it passed via late Latin encaustum or encautum into Old French enque it gradually lost its imperial associations, and by the time it reached English as enke it was being used for any dark writing fluid.
=> caustic - ink (n.)
- "the black liquor with which men write" [Johnson], mid-13c., from Old French encre, formerly enque "dark writing fluid" (11c.), originally enca, from Late Latin encaustum, from Greek enkauston "purple or red ink," used by the Roman emperors to sign documents, originally a neuter adjective form of enkaustos "burned in," from stem of enkaiein "to burn in," from en- "in" (see en- (1)) + kaiein "to burn" (see caustic). The word is from a Greek method of applying colored wax and fixing it with heat. The Old English word for it was simply blæc, literally "black." The -r- in the Latin word is excrescent. Donkin credits a Greek pronunciation, with the accent at the front of the word, for the French evolution; the same Latin word became inchiostro in Italian, encausto in Spanish. Ink-blot test attested from 1928.
- ink (v.)
- "to mark or stain in ink," 1560s, from ink (n.). Meaning "to cover (a printing plate, etc.) with ink" is from 1727. Related: Inked; inking.
中文词源
ink（墨水）：能腐蚀羊皮纸留下痕迹的涂料
在古罗马帝国时期，罗马皇帝使用一种紫色涂料来批改公文。这种涂料用酸性物质配置而成，能够腐蚀羊皮纸的皮革纤维，使笔迹永久不褪色。这种涂料在拉丁语中称为encaustum，由en（=in，进入）+caust（=burn，燃烧，腐蚀）+um（名词后缀）构成，字面意思就是能腐蚀进入羊皮纸的东西。该词进入法语后，拼写变成enque，进入英语后，拼写变成了ink。
ink：[iŋk] n.墨水，油墨vt.签署，涂墨水于
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：ink 词源，ink 含义。
来自拉丁语encaustum,红色或粉色熔蜡，来自en-,进入，使，-caust,烧，词源同caustic,holocaust.原指古罗马时期用烧熔化的红色蜡水来签署文件或用熔蜡来封印重要的官方文件。后词义通用化指墨水。
这个由三个字母组成的英语词，却有着九个字母的祖先，那是一个希腊词：kauterion，意思是打烙印用的“烙铁”，其动词为cauterize，即“打烙印”。古希腊人不仅用烙铁为牲畜打烙印。还用它来进行艺术创作。即用烙铁将蜡制的颜料固定在画面上，按他们的叫法叫做encauston，即“烙入”，美术上称为“蜡画法”。拉丁语将encauston这个词变为encauatum，含义也变了，专指古罗马皇帝批示公文用的一种紫色颜料。古法语将它简化为enque或enke，泛指墨水。中古英语吸收了这一单词，写作inke，后来简化为ink。
