hazard的词源

英文词源

hazard: hazard: [13] The word hazard was introduced to English as the name for a game played with dice. It was borrowed from Old French hasard, which came via Spanish azar from Arabic azzahr, earlier al-zahr ‘luck, chance’. Its associations were thus from the first with ‘uncertainty’, and its central modern sense ‘danger’ did not develop until the 16th century.
hazard (n.): c. 1300, name of a game at dice, from Old French hasard, hasart "game of chance played with dice," also "a throw of six in dice" (12c.), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Spanish azar "an unfortunate card or throw at dice," which is said to be from Arabic az-zahr (for al-zahr) "the die." But this is doubtful because of the absence of zahr in classical Arabic dictionaries. Klein suggests Arabic yasara "he played at dice;" Arabic -s- regularly becomes Spanish -z-. The -d was added in French through confusion with the native suffix -ard. Sense evolved in French to "chances in gambling," then "chances in life." In English, sense of "chance of loss or harm, risk" first recorded 1540s.
hazard (v.): "put something at stake in a game of chance," 1520s, from Middle French hasarder "to play at gambling, throw dice" (15c.), from hasard (see hazard (n.)). Related: Hazarded; hazarding.

英语单词hazard来自阿拉伯语al zahr（the dice），意思是“骰子”。在十字军东征期间，十字军在东方从阿拉伯人那里学会了一些用骰子来玩的游戏，也将这个词带回了欧洲，原本指的是用骰子来玩的赌博游戏。由于这种游戏都需要冒险、赌运气，所以hazard一词就衍生出了“冒险、赌运气”等含义。

hazard：['hæzəd] vt.赌运气，冒……的风险，使遭受危险n.冒险，危险，冒险的事

hazardous：['hæzədəs] adj.有危险的，冒险的，碰运气的

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：hazard 词源，hazard 含义。

来自古法语hasard,来自西班牙语azar,骰子，掷骰子赌博，来自阿拉伯语zahr,骰子，拼写受后缀-ard影响俗化。由赌博引申词义危险，危害。参照dicey.