harvest的词源
英文词源
- harvest
- harvest: [OE] The idea underlying the word harvest is of ‘plucking, gathering, cropping’ – it comes ultimately from Indo-European *karp-, which also produced Greek karpós ‘fruit, crop, harvest’ (whence English carpel [19]) and Latin carpere ‘pluck’ (source of English carpet, excerpt, and scarce) – but its original meaning in English was ‘time of gathering crops’ rather than ‘act of gathering crops’.
Indeed, until as recently as the 18th century it was used as the name for the season now known as autumn (as its German relative herbst still is), and it was not until the 16th century that the present-day senses ‘act of gathering crops’ and ‘crops gathered’ began to develop.
=> carpet, excerpt, scarce - harvest (n.)
- Old English hærfest "autumn," as one of the four seasons, "period between August and November," from Proto-Germanic *harbitas (cognates: Old Saxon hervist, Old Frisian and Dutch herfst, German Herbst "autumn," Old Norse haust "harvest"), from PIE *kerp- "to gather, pluck, harvest" (cognates: Sanskrit krpana- "sword," krpani "shears;" Greek karpos "fruit," karpizomai "make harvest of;" Latin carpere "to cut, pide, pluck;" Lithuanian kerpu "cut;" Middle Irish cerbaim "cut").
In Old English with only implied reference to the gathering of crops. The borrowing of autumn and the use of fall (n.) in a seasonal sense gradually focused the meaning of harvest to "the time of gathering crops" (mid-13c.), also to the action itself and the product of the action (after c. 1300), which became its main senses from 14c. Figurative use by 1530s. As an adjective from late 14c. Harvest home (1570s) was a festive celebration of the bringing home the last of the harvest; harvest moon (1704) is that which is full within a fortnight of the autumnal equinox. - harvest (v.)
- c. 1400, from harvest (n.). Of wild animals, by 1946; of cells, from 1946. Related: Harvested; harvesting.
中文词源
来自PIE*kerp,切，割，收集，词源同shear,sharp,carpel.引申词义收割粮食，果实，收获季节，秋天。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：harvest 词源，harvest 含义。
excerpt（摘录）的前缀ex-指“向外”，词根cerp指“摘”，末尾-t是拉丁原词过去分词的产物；对-cerp-进行c、h和p、v音变，得到harv-，仍指“摘”，“收获”就是“摘取”果实。c、h音变：century（世纪）—hundred（百）；v、p音变：seven（七）—september（九月）。
古英语中本指秋季，与希腊词根carp-表示果实和拉丁词根carp-,cerp-表示采摘、收割同源。这样，acarpous [eɪ'kɑːpəs] adj.[植]无果实的，是“不结果的”，希腊前缀a-表否定，而excerpt ['eksɜːpt] n.&v.摘录，则因为被“picked out”。
