harlot的词源
英文词源
- harlot
- harlot: [13] The use of harlot for ‘prostitute’ is a comparatively recent development in the word’s history. It originally meant ‘tramp, beggar’, and did not come to mean ‘prostitute’ until the 15th century. It was borrowed from Old French harlot or herlot ‘vagabond’, a word of unknown ancestry with relatives in Italian (arlotto) and Provençal (arlot).
- harlot (n.)
- c. 1200 (late 12c. in surnames), "vagabond, man of no fixed occupation, idle rogue," from Old French herlot, arlot "vagabond, tramp, vagrant; rascal, scoundrel," with cognates in Old Provençal (arlot), Old Spanish (arlote), and Italian (arlotto), but of unknown origin. Usually male in Middle English and Old French. Used in positive as well as pejorative senses by Chaucer; applied in Middle English to jesters, buffoons, jugglers, later to actors. Secondary sense of "prostitute, unchaste woman" probably had developed by 14c., certainly by early 15c., but this was reinforced by its use euphemistically for "strumpet, whore" in 16c. English translations of the Bible. The word may be Germanic, with an original sense of "camp follower," if the first element is hari "army," as some suspect.
中文词源
来自古法语harlot,无赖，流浪汉，后作为妓女的委婉语。可能来自德语hari,军队，词源同here,harry.其原义为随军伙夫，随军货商或提供性服务的人，因在古代军队后勤不是很正规，会相伴而生许多职业。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：harlot 词源，harlot 含义。
13世纪借自古法语harlot或herlot，原义为“流浪者”、“无赖”，直到15世纪才开始转指“妓女”。16世纪常见于圣经的英语译文中，取代早先的威克里夫英语译文里所用的whore 一词。但到了16世纪中期有一些词源学家把harlot的起源追溯到威廉一世(William the Conqueror)的母亲的大名Arlette，因为威廉一世在登上王位前被人称作“私生子威廉”(William the Bastard)。英语中还有一些贬义词也发生了像harlot那样的女性化转变，如shrew（泼妇）原指“坏人”，hoyden（粗野的女孩，野丫头）原指“粗野的人”，termagant（悍妇）原指“（早期英国戏剧中代表狂暴、蛮横角色的）穆斯林神”等。
