hamburger的词源
英文词源
- hamburger
- hamburger: [19] As its inherent beefiness amply demonstrates, the hamburger has nothing to do with ham. It originated in the German city and port of Hamburg. The fashioning of conveniently sized patties was a common way of dealing with minced beef in northern Europe and the Baltic in the 19th century, and it appears that German sailors or emigrants took the delicacy across the Atlantic with them to America.
There it was called a Hamburg steak or, using the German adjectival form, a Hamburger steak. That term is first recorded in the late 1880s, and by the first decade of the 20th century the steak had been dropped. By the 1930s the hamburger had become an American fast-food staple, and products similar in concept but with different ingredients inspired variations on its name: beefburger, cheeseburger, steakburger, and so on; and by the end of the decade plain burger was well established in the language.
- hamburger (n.)
- 1610s, Hamburger "native of Hamburg." Also used of ships from Hamburg. From 1838 as a type of excellent black grape indigenous to Tyrolia; 1857 as a variety of hen; the meat product so called from 1880 (as hamburg steak), named for the German city, though no certain connection has ever been put forth, and there may not be one unless it be that Hamburg was a major port of departure for German immigrants to United States. Meaning "a sandwich consisting of a bun and a patty of grilled hamburger meat" attested by 1909, short for hamburger sandwich (1902). Shortened form burger attested from 1939; beefburger was attempted 1940, in an attempt to make the main ingredient more explicit, after the -burger had taken on a life of its own as a suffix (compare cheeseburger, first attested 1938).
中文词源
来自Hamburg,德国城市汉堡。通常认为因19世纪大量德国汉堡移民将这种食物引进美国而得名，并由该词衍生后缀-burger,包子。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：hamburger 词源，hamburger 含义。
hamburger是一种用碎牛肉煎成的圆饼，也译成“汉堡牛排”，现多指“汉堡式夹牛肉饼的面包”。
本来Hamburger是德国著名港市Hamburg（汉堡）的形容词，指“汉堡牛排”时是hamburger stead的简化，但有人误将它分解成或有意识地将它分解成ham和burger.甚至《韦氏大辞典》（Webster's Third New Internarional Dictionary）也对-burger作如下解释：a flat cake ofground or chopped meat or meat substitute fied or grilled and served between slices of bread.于是，以-burger混生（拼缀）的新词接连不断地涌现出来，尤其是70年代以来，更是光怪陆离，层出不穷。1971年，有人做了一个小小统计，由burger构成的新词竟达185个之多！词义也由原来的夹牛肉馅面包扩展到各种内容、形状、大小、特性等的夹心面包，甚至用来指其店铺。
例如：baconburger（腊肉夹心面包），bearburger（熊肉夹心面包），turtleburger（甲鱼肉馅面包），nutburger（以坚果佐食的肉饼），cheeseburger（放有干酪的肉饼），oliveburger（以甘榄佐食的肉饼），pizzaburger（意大利肉饼），kirschburger（樱桃酒心面包），raisinburger（葡萄干夹心面包），superburger（超级夹肉面包），doubleburger（双层夹肉面包），basketburger（野餐夹肉面包），huskyburger（健壮夹肉面包），peachyburger（美好夹肉面包），甚至9-Lives Kitty Burger，ken L Burger，Californiaburger， Justrite Burger等等。
这是一种肉夹碎牛肉饼或乳酪等的圆面包。大多数权威认为该快速食品是以其发源地德国港口城市汉堡（Hamburg）命名，在19世纪中期的第一次德国移民浪潮中传到美国。1836年，在美国人的菜单上出现了一道以Hamburg steak命名的菜，按字面义是“汉堡牛排”，其实是“碎牛肉饼”，到了1889年Hamburg Steak改称Hamburger Steak，到了1908年被进而缩略为Hamburger。19世纪英国营养学家J.H.Salisbury对汉堡牛排赞扬备至，他劝人们一天至少吃上三次，汉堡牛排因此曾获得一个别称：Salisbury steak。到了1912年许多人都喜欢在面包里夹上汉堡牛排，于是Hamburger一词除了指“汉堡牛排”外又多了一层意义：“夹汉堡牛排的面包”，即我们现在通称的“汉堡包”。此后hamburger也被用以指“(用来做汉堡包的)绞碎的牛肉”。二战期间美国肉类的匮乏使hamburger身价倍增，并进而取代了hot dog（热狗），从此以后hamburger成了最受美国人欢迎的快餐食品。出售hamburger的食品店、售货店以及售货摊在美国几乎随处可见，并且出现了花样繁多的夹心面包，诸如cheeseburger, fishburger, nutburger, beefburger, portburger, shrimpburger等。在这些以-burger结尾的复合词中，词根通常表示所夹之物的名称，而-burger则作为一个后缀，表示各种类似于hamburger的夹心面包。
另有一种说法认为，在美国纽约州西部有个地方叫汉堡镇（Hamburg），hamburger这种快餐是于1885年夏天在这个小镇上发明的，故得此名。
