halcyon的词源
英文词源
- halcyon
- halcyon: [14] Halcyon days, originally ‘days of calm weather’, but now used figuratively for a ‘past period of happiness and success’, are literally ‘days of the kingfisher’. The expression comes from Greek alkuonídes hēmérai ‘kingfisher’s days’, a term used in the ancient world for a period of 14 days fine or calm weather around the winter solstice which was attributed to the magical influence of the kingfisher. The origin of Greek alkúon is not known, although it was from earliest times associated with Greek háls ‘sea’ and kúōn ‘conceiving’ (whence the spelling halcyon).
- halcyon (adj.)
- "calm, quiet, peaceful," 1540s, in halcyon dayes (translating Latin alcyonei dies, Greek alkyonides hemerai), 14 days of calm weather at the winter solstice, when a mythical bird (also identified with the kingfisher) was said to breed in a nest floating on calm seas. The name of this fabulous bird is attested in Middle English as alcioun (late 14c.). The name is from Latin halcyon, alcyon, from Greek halkyon, variant (perhaps a misspelling) of alkyon "kingfisher," a word of unknown origin. The explanation that this is from hals "sea; salt" (see halo-) + kyon "conceiving," present participle of kyein "to conceive," literally "to swell" (see cumulus) probably is ancient folk-etymology to explain a loan-word from a non-Indo-European language. Identified in mythology with Halcyone, daughter of Aeolus, who when widowed threw herself into the sea and became a kingfisher.
中文词源
halcyon（宁静的）：希腊神话中的神翠鸟
希腊神话中，风神有一个女儿叫艾尔莎奥妮（Alcyone），嫁给了黎明女神的儿子、国王西克斯（Ceyx)。两口子非常恩爱，竟然得意地自比宙斯和赫拉。惹恼了宙斯和赫拉，决定要好好惩罚这两个不敬神灵的凡人。于是，有一天，西克斯在海上航行的时候溺水而亡，艾尔莎奥妮伤心愈绝，便跳崖身亡。
众神被她的痴情感动，将西克斯与艾尔莎奥妮双双变成神翠鸟（halcyon），从此永不分离。 传说中这对恩爱的夫妻在波浪上抚育他们的孩子，而艾尔莎奥妮的父亲风神因为眷顾女儿， 每年十二月份，他就会平息海浪，以便于翠鸟在海上筑窝，生育后代。所以单词halcyon还有“风浪平息”的含义。
halcyon： ['hælsɪən; -ʃ(ə)n] n.神翠鸟，翡翠鸟adj.宁静的，平稳的
halcyon days：太平时期
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：halcyon 词源，halcyon 含义。
来自希腊语halkyon,希腊神话中形如翠鸟的神鸟，来自hal-,海，词源同salt,halogen,-kyon,孕育，来自PIE*keue,膨胀，词源同cave,cumulus.传说在冬至前后的两周时间，这种鸟在海面上筑巢孕育下一代，平时惊涛骇浪的大海会风平浪静，因此，引申词义太平的。
halcyon原意为翡翠鸟，也指一种古希腊传说中的带来和平的、能使海上风平浪静的太平鸟。古人认为翡翠鸟有将海面平静下来的能力。每年冬至前后的两个星期，它们在平静的海面上筑窝抚育小鸟。在翠鸟繁殖的季节，天地万物都会顺从它们，而halcyon的意思也因此衍生为和平的，繁荣的。
在中国，翡翠鸟被认为是一种很美丽的宠物，其羽毛非常漂亮可以做首饰。到了清代翡翠鸟的羽毛作为饰品进入宫廷，尤其是绿色的翠羽，深受宫廷贵妃的喜爱。战国时期楚国人宋玉在其著名的《神女赋》中写道：“夫何神女之姣丽兮，含阴阳之渥饰。披华藻之可好兮，若翡翠之奋翼。”这里的翡翠指的就是一种非常美丽的鸟儿。
