hacker的词源

英文词源

hacker (n.)

early 13c. (as a surname), "a chopper, cutter," perhaps also "one who makes hacking tools," agent noun from hack (v.1).

Meaning "one who gains unauthorized access to computer records" is attested by 1975, and this sense seems to suggest hack (v.1), but the computer use is said to be from slightly earlier tech slang sense of "one who works like a hack at writing and experimenting with software, one who enjoys computer programming for its own sake," reputedly a usage that evolved at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (however an MIT student from the late 1960s recalls hack (n.) being used then and there in the general sense of "creative prank." This suggests rather a connection with hack (n.2) via the notion of "plodding, routine work." There may be a convergence of both words here.

中文词源

hacker：黑客

来自hack,砍，劈。后麻省理工学院学生借用该词来指电脑高手，黑客等。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：hacker 词源，hacker 含义。

hacker：黑客

此乃人所皆知的计算机术语，指通过互联网非法侵入他人计算机系统者，即“黑客”。其实汉语黑客就是从hacker音译而来。译音本身就清楚地告诉人们这是个贬义词。Hacker一词最早见于20世纪70年代中期，原先是个褒义词，指计算机迷，或精通电子计算机技术的人，即计算机行家，电脑高手，他们善于从互联网中发现漏洞并提出改进措施。到80年代中，有些Hacker出于不良动机，或为查看、更改、窃取保密数据，或为干扰破坏计算机程序，擅自侵入他人计算机网络，人们便称之为malicious（恶意的）hacker。嗣后该形容词常备略去不用，遂使hacker的词义发生了由褒而贬的变化。从hacker逆生的动词形式to hack（into）表示“非法闯入”或“擅自侵入”。