gymnasium的词源
英文词源
- gymnasium
- gymnasium: [16] Greek gumnós meant ‘naked’. It was customary in ancient times for athletes to train naked, and so the verb gumnázein came to mean ‘train, practise’ – particularly by doing exercises (whence English gymnast [16]). From the verb was derived the noun gumnásion, which Latin borrowed as gymnasium ‘school’. This academic sense has never caught on to any extent in English (although it is the word’s only application in German); we have preferred to go back to the original athletic connotations.
- gymnasium (n.)
- 1590s, "place of exercise," from Latin gymnasium "school for gymnastics," from Greek gymnasion "public place where athletic exercises are practiced; gymnastics school," in plural, "bodily exercises," from gymnazein "to exercise or train," literally or figuratively, literally "to train naked," from gymnos "naked," from a metathesis of PIE *nogw-mo-, suffixed form of *nogw- "naked" (see naked).
A feature of all ancient Greek communities, at first it was merely an open space, later with extensive facilities and including training for the mind as well as the body. Hence its use in German from 15c. as a name for "high school" (more or less paralleling a sense also in Latin); in English it has remained purely athletic. For the "continental high school sense," English in 19c. sometimes used gymnastical as an adjective, gymnasiast for a student.
中文词源
来自希腊语gymnos, 裸体，裸体健身者，现指健身馆。因在古希腊时期，人们习惯裸体锻炼，以展示人体之美。参照各古希腊裸体雕像。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：gymnasium 词源，gymnasium 含义。
古希腊运动员在训练时要求赤身裸体，说是裸体运动有益于健康，能使全身最大限度地自由活动。著名的奥林匹克田径运动会各项比赛都是裸体进行的，摔角运动员也是裸体扭斗的，各种运动无一不是裸体进行的。希腊语中有一个词gymnazo，意思是“赤身训练”(to train naked)，英语gymnast（体操运动员），gymnastics（体操），gymnasium（体育馆）等词均源出于此。若按字面义来解释，gymnast是“做裸体运动的人”，gymnastics是“裸体运动”，gymnasium则是“做裸体运动的地方”。这些词是16世纪末始用于英语的。 gymnasium如今常缩略为gym，并已完全丧失原先的“裸体”含义。
希腊语gumnos(裸的),指古代运动员常裸体训练,因此希腊语动词gumnazein的意思是“练习,训练”,并派生了名词gumnasion,被拉丁语借用为gymnasium,意思是“学校”。
词根词缀： gymn裸 + asi + -um名词词尾
同源词：gymnast, gymnastics
