guerrilla的词源
英文词源
- guerrilla (n.)
- "fighter in an irregular, independent armed force," 1809, from Spanish guerrilla "body of skirmishers, skirmishing warfare," literally "little war," diminutive of guerra "war," from a Germanic source cognate with Old High German werra "strife, conflict, war," from Proto-Germanic *werra- (see war (n.)). Acquired by English during the Peninsular War (1808-1814), when bands of Spanish peasants and shepherds annoyed the occupying French. Purists failed in their attempt to keep this word restricted to "irregular warfare" and prevent it taking on the sense properly belonging to guerrillero "guerrilla fighter." Figurative use by 1861. As an adjective from 1811.
中文词源
词源同war,战争。-illa, 小词后缀。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：guerrilla 词源，guerrilla 含义。
guerrilla亦作guerilla，乃西班牙语借词，原为西班牙语guerra‘war’（战争）的指小形式，故其字面义为little war。该词是1808年拿破仑入侵西班牙之后逐渐流行起来的。西班牙农民拿起武器奋起抗击入侵者。法军只习惯于同正规军作战而不善于应付灵活、分散的小部队出没无常的袭击。在英军的援助下，西班牙农民终于将入侵者赶出国境。此后guerrilla 一词进入丁法语，也同时进入丁英语。英语把此类非正规部队称作guerrilla arrny（游击队），把他们所进行的战斗称为guerrilla war（游击战）。guerrilla的今义“游击队员”始见于当时的英军指挥官威灵顿(1st Duke of Wellington，1769 - 1852) 1809年发的一份急报上：“I have recommended to the Junta to set the Guerillas to work towards Madrid,”（我已经向政务会提出建议，命令游击队员向马德里推进。）
