grape的词源
英文词源
- grape
- grape: [13] Not surprisingly, given the northerliness of the British Isles, English does not have its own native word for ‘grape’. In Old English it was was called wīnberige, literally ‘wineberry’, and the Old French word grape which Middle English borrowed as grape meant ‘bunch of grapes’, not ‘grape’. It was probably a derivative of the verb graper ‘gather grapes’, which itself was based on the noun grape ‘hook’ (a relative of English cramp, crampon, and grapnel [14]).
The underlying notion is of a bunch of grapes being gathered with a sort of pruning hook. (The use of a word that originally meant ‘bunch’ for ‘grape’ is in fact fairly common: Czech hrozen, Romanian stugure, German traube, and Lithuanian keke all follow the same pattern, as does French raisin, source of English raisin.)
=> cramp, crampon, grapnel - grape (n.)
- mid-13c., "a grape, a berry of the vine," also collective singular, from Old French grape "bunch of grapes, grape" (12c.), probably a back-formation from graper "steal; grasp; catch with a hook; pick (grapes)," from a Frankish or other Germanic word, from Proto-Germanic *krappon "hook," from a group of Germanic words meaning "bent, crooked, hooked" (cognates: Middle Dutch crappe, Old High German krapfo "hook;" also see cramp (n.2)). The original notion thus perhaps was "vine hook for grape-picking." The vine is not native to England. The word replaced Old English winberige "wine berry." Spanish grapa, Italian grappa also are from Germanic.
中文词源
grape（葡萄）：采集葡萄的钩子
在英语中，葡萄酒是wine，葡萄藤是vine，为什么葡萄偏偏是grape呢？原来，在古英语中，葡萄本是winberige（wine berry），后来才被来自古法语的grape取代。而grape源自古日耳曼语krappon，本指采集葡萄的钩子，其根本词义是“弯曲”。与此同源的英语单词还有grapnel（抓钩）、crumple（使起皱）、crimp（使卷曲）、cramp（抽筋）、cripple（跛子）。
grape：[greɪp] n.葡萄，葡萄酒，葡萄树
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：grape 词源，grape 含义。
可能来自PIE*grep, 弯钩，词源同crook, croquet. 原指剪葡萄的钩子，后指葡萄。
这种水果在古英语中原写作winberige；win即“vine”；berige即“berry”；合起来的字面意思则是“藤浆果”。但在11世纪，法国诺曼底公爵威廉征服英国，一大批法语词随之加入了英语。种植葡萄的农民们仍然使用winberige，而他们的主人则随着法国征服者讲起grappe来。Grappe的真实含义是“一串长在一起的水果”，起源于德语。原指“采摘葡萄用的藤钩子”。Grape就是从grappe演变来的。
