gramophone的词源

英文词源

gramophone

gramophone: [19] The term gramophone was registered as a trademark in 1887 by the German-born American inventor Emil Berliner for a sound recording and reproducing device he had developed using a disc (as opposed to the cylinder of Edison’s phonograph). He coined it simply by reversing the elements of phonogram, a term adopted for a ‘sound recording’ in the early 1880s and composed of descendants of Greek phōné ‘voice, sound’ and grámma ‘something written’. It seems to have begun to give way to record player in the mid 1950s.

gramophone (n.)

"machine for recording and reproducing sounds by needle-tracing on some solid material," 1887, trademark by German-born U.S. inventor Emil Berliner (1851-1929), an inversion of phonogram (1884) "the tracing made by a phonograph needle," which was coined from Greek phone "voice, sound," from PIE root *bha- (2) "to speak, tell, say" (see fame (n.)) + gramma "something written" (see -gram).

Berliner's machine used a flat disc and succeeded with the public. Edison's phonograph used a cylinder and did not. Despised by linguistic purists (Weekley calls gramophone "An atrocity formed by reversing phonogram") who tried at least to amend it to grammophone, it was replaced by record player after mid-1950s. There also was a graphophone (1886).

中文词源

gramophone：留声机　　

1877年美国发明家爱迪生(Thomas A. Edison，1847 -1931)发明了留声机，法国人勒努瓦( Lenoir)称其为phonographe。该词传人美国后作phonograph，并被开始广泛采用，成为留声机的最早名称。以后，留声机在逐步改进的过程中又先后被赋予graphophone，phonogram和gramophone等商品名称，其中以gramophone使用最为广泛。gramophone原为商标名。1887年美国发明家伯林纳(Emil Berliner，1851- 1929)发明了唱片录音系统，对爱迪生的留声机作了重大改进。他将早先指“留声机”的phonogram一词倒置，杜撰了gramophone作为改进丁的留声机的注册商标。该词很快地就成了留声机的属名，但到了20世纪50年代中期在美国又逐渐为record player一词所取代，现在主要用于英国英语。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：gramophone 词源，gramophone 含义。

gramophone：留声机

词根词缀： -gram-写,画→记录 + -o- + -phon-声音 + -e